All recruited subjects received aerobic exercise training (HIIT or MICT). VO2peak, cardiac output (CO), bilateral frontal cortex blood volume (∆[THb]), oxyhemoglobin (∆[O2Hb]) and deoxyhemoglobin (∆[HHb]), ventilation efficiency, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, cognitive and life quality questionnaire, percentage of neuroblastic cell bearing neurites (% neurites), and cell fluorescent staining were examined before and after interventions.

Stroke, Cardiovascular

All recruited subjects underwent 36 times of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for 30 mins, and 10or had high-intensity interval training (HIIT) at alternative 80% and 40% VO2peak with the same training times and duration.

Aerobic exercise training

Aerobic Trainings on Stroke Patients

Effects of Aerobic Interval Exercise Training on Cardiac Fibroblasts and Brain Cells in Stroke Patients

Peak CO in millimeter per minute measured by non-invasive cardiac output measurement during exercise test before and after exercise training.

VO2peak in ml/min/kg measured by cardiopulmonary function test before and after exercise training.

OUES in liter per minute/log(Liter per minute) derived from oxygen consumptions along time during exercise test before and after exercise training.

Ve-VCO2, a number, derived from exhaled CO2 (ml/min/kg) versus ventilation (ml/min/kg) graph along time during exercise test before and after exercise training.

Differences oxyhemoglobin between involved and uninvolved frontal cortices in μM measured by two pairs of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) probes before and after exercise training.

Differences deoxyhemoglobin between involved and uninvolved frontal cortices in μM measured by two pairs of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) probes before and after exercise training.

Differences regional blood volume between involved and uninvolved frontal cortices in μM measured by two pairs of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) probes before and after exercise training.

Physical role function obtained from short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) before and after exercise training. The SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores (vitality, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning, mental health), which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability i.e., a score of zero is equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability.

Mental health score obtained from short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) before and after exercise training. The SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores (vitality, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health perceptions, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning, mental health), which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower the score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability i.e., a score of zero is equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability.

a 30-point questionnaire that is used extensively to measure cognitive impairment before and after exercise training.

The human BDNF (ng/mL), essential in maintaining neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, capture antibody in a solid-phase sandwich, two-site enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. The BDNF level was then determined by the microplate reader before and after exercise training.

A total of 100000 cells were plated overnight on 35-mm dishes coated with poly- DL-lysine. After serum starvation in DMEM containing 2% HS for 12-18 h, cells were treated with 50 ng/ml NGF for the indicated time. Morphological changes were observed using the Leica TCS SP8 confocal microscopy 7 days after cultured with patient sera before and after exercise training. Percentage of cells with neurites of at least one cell body diameter in length was determined in five independent fields of every plate.

Cells (100000) were inoculated in each well of the eight-chamber slide (Millicell EZ slide, Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA) and were incubated at the pre- and post-MICT or HIIT sera for 12h. Vivid staining of Mitotracker (Invitrogen corp., Carlsbad, CA) was used to observe mitochondria in neuroblastic cells treated with sera from the above different status. The cells were stained with primary rabbit monoclonal anti-⍺-tubulin antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Boston, MA). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated AffiniPure Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) was used as the secondary antibody. Nuclei were counterstained with mounting medium (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA) containing 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The stained cells were examined with a confocal microscopic examination (Leica TCS SP8, Leica Microsystems Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL).

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

A randomized controlled trial was performed in stroke patients adequate for exercise trainings. Different exercise regimens were prescribed and was blind to the assessors. The study was conducted from August 2016 to June 2018. Participants were randomly allocated to the moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) groups using a computer-generated, concealed allocation schedule. All included stroke patients received traditional rehabilitation programs, including balance, range of motion, or therapeutic exercise, and additional in-hospital supervised 30 min of MICT or HIIT for 36 times. Data were collected by a blinded assessor prior to randomization after completing the exercise trainings.

Device smartphone. Participants will be trained with a supervised physical activity for 3 days a week for 16 weeks with the use of a smartphone application

Participants will train alone with an exercise program for 16 weeks without the use of a smartphone application

Physical Activity

HIV Infections

Department of Infectious Diseases

A Smartphone Application to Support Physical Activity in HIV Infected People

The Use of a Mobile Application to Support Physical Activity and Lifestyle Changes in Persons Living With HIV: the SMARTAPP Study.

Improvement of 15% of maximal oxygen consumption

BMI in kg/m^2, weight in kilograms, height in meters

Changes of IL-6, IL-18, hs-CRP, d-Dimer, myostatin, T-cell activation markers

Changes of mood states assessed by Profile of Mood States Questionnairre

Changes of quality of life by F12 questionnaire

Paola Cinque

Medical Doctor

Scientific Institute San Raffaele

University of Milan

Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani

University of Roma La Sapienza

Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter, Pilot Study

There are complex sets of non-hematopoietic cells in bone marrow called mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). MSCs are well-known as multipotent cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a great variety of cells. MSCs can be isolated from bone marrow, umbilical cord, peripheral blood and adipose tissue, and cultured in specific media. MSC colony formation, which is known as marrow-like stromal cells and MPCs, is similar to fibroblast colony forming unit (CFU-F) in in vitro condition. According to the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), MSCs can be easily detected or identified from other cells using flow cytometric analysis to detect specific surface markers

Pulmonary Disease

mesenchymal stem cell

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for Treatment of Airway Remodeling in Mustard Patients

The Effect of Autologous Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Airway Injury in Patients Exposed to Sulfur Mustard

Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, chest x-ray examinations, arterial blood gas analysis, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment.

The SGRQ is designed to measure health impairment in patients with asthma and COPD. It is also valid for use in bronchiectasis and has been used successfully in SM patients

The original purpose of the six minute walk was to test exercise tolerance in chronic respiratory disease and heart failure.

Dr. Mostafa Ghanei

pulmonologist doctor

Four x 100g portions of Beneforte broccoli will be consumed each week for twelve weeks, on top of the participants habitual diet.

Four x 100g portions of Parthenon broccoli will be consumed each week for twelve weeks, on top of the participants habitual diet.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Four x 100g portions of Beneforte broccoli will be consumed each week for twelve weeks, on top of the participants habitual diet

Beneforte broccoli

Four x 100g portions of Parthenon broccoli will be consumed each week for twelve weeks, on top of the participants habitual diet

Parthenon Broccoli

University of Reading

Institute of Food Research

Broccoli and Vascular Health Study

The LDL cholesterol concentration (mmol/L) will be measured before and after a 12 week intervention with broccoli, using a Instrumentation Laboratories kit for use on an ILAB auto analyser.

The clinical biomarkers include, hs-CRP (mg/L), NEFAs(mg/dL), Plasma NO(umol/L), hs-IL6(pg/mL), TNF-α(pg/mL), ox LDL(umol/L), IL-1beta(pg/L), PCOOH(pmols/L), F-2 isoprostanes (mg/mL/mg creatine) and 8-OHdG (ng/mL).
The effect of the intervention on arterial stiffness on a sub section of the cohort (Reading cohort)will also be measured. The first measurement will be Pulse wave velocity (m/sec); the 2nd measurement will be Laser Doppler Imaging with iontophoresis (perfusion units(area under the blood flow.time curve)).

DNA samples from all participants will be genotyped for PAPOLG (NM_022894.3) rs11687951, rs28459296 and rs7579240 and GSTM1 genotype using predesigned Invitrogen TaqMan® Assays according to manufacturers' instructions.

isothiocyanate/insult

Aerobic Trainings on Stroke Patients

A Smartphone Application to Support Physical Activity in HIV Infected People

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for Treatment of Airway Remodeling in Mustard Patients

Broccoli and Vascular Health Study

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