patients with HBV induced cirrhosis will be recruited for study, which involved a 4 times intestinal microbiota transplant and the time interval is generally 2 weeks.

Cirrhosis, Liver

All participants take 4 times IMT by gastroduodenoscopy with 2-week intervals

intestinal microbiota transplant

Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University

Study on Effect of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation in Hepatitis B Virus Induced Cirrhosis

A Randomised Study on Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation for Hepatitis B Virus Induced Cirrhosis

Fibroscan score of liver fibrosis and steatosis

The onset and duration of gastrointestinal symptoms will be assessed by "Evaluation Score Table of Gastrointestinal Symptoms".

The changes of gut microbiota will be assessed by High-throughput sequencing (16S rRNA) in fecal samples from recruited patients.

Doppler ultrasonography is medical ultrasonography that employs the Doppler effect to generate imaging of the movement of tissues and body fluids (usually blood), and their relative velocity to the probe. By calculating the frequency shift of a particular sample volume, for example flow in an artery or a jet of blood flow over a heart valve, its speed and direction can be determined and visualized. Color Doppler is the presentation of the velocity by color scale. Color Doppler images are generally combined with grayscale (B-mode) images to display duplex ultrasonography images, allowing for simultaneous visualization of the anatomy of the area. This is particularly useful in cardiovascular studies (sonography of the vascular system and heart) and essential in many areas such as determining reverse blood flow in the liver vasculature in portal hypertension.

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting. Other terms include computed axial tomography (CAT scan) and computer aided tomography.

Hepatobiliary MR is used to detect and characterize lesions of the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts. Focal or diffuse disorders of the liver may be evaluated using diffusion-weighted, opposed-phase imaging, and dynamic contrast enhancement sequences. Extracellular contrast agents are used widely in liver MRI and newer hepatobiliary contrast agents also provide the opportunity to perform functional biliary imaging.

Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University

144 patients spread urea cream (urea 20%)

144 patients spread placebo cream (urea 0%)

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Sorafenib 400mg (twice daily), Spread urea cream (urea 20%)

Urea Cream 20%

Sorafenib 400mg (twice daily), Spread placebo cream (urea 0%)

Placebos

Korea University Guro Hospital

The Effect of Urea Cream on Sorafenib-associated Hand-Foot Skin Reaction

The Effect of Urea Cream on Sorafenib-associated Hand-Foot Skin Reaction in Patients With Korean Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Multicenter, Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study

Comparison of cumulative incidence of HFSR between placebo group and urea cream group

Comparison of cumulative incidence of severe HFSR (grade 2 or grade 3) between placebo group and urea cream group

Comparison of incidence of dose reduction or discontinuation of sorafenib due to HFSR on each group

Assessment of QOL related to HFSR using The Hand-Foot Skin Reaction and Quality of Life Questionnaire (HF-QoL) scoring system. HF-QOL instrument comprises a 20-item symptom scale and an 18-item daily activity scale. Each item was scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (always or extremely). Therefore, the range of score for HF-QoL was from 0 to 152 points. (Ref. Anderson et al. The Oncoligist 2015;20:831-838)

The occurrence rate of other side effect excluding HFSR

Comparison of incidence of HFSR on 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks between placebo group and urea cream group

Ji Hoon Kim

Associate professor

Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company Limited

intravenous infusion of furosemide (doses 125-250mg⁄ bid) from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge Intervention: drug: furosemide ; other name: lasix

small volumes of hypertonic saline solutions (HSS) (150mL 1.4-4.6% NaCl), from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge Intervention: Hypertonic saline solutions (1.4-4.6%NaCl) Intervention other name: not specified

no intervention Intervention: no drug only seriated paracentesis repeated paracentesis from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge

Ascites

Cirrhosis

treatment with intravenous infusion of furosemide (doses 125-250mg⁄ bid) plus small volumes of HSS (150mL 1.4-4.6% NaCl), from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge, with water restriction and a normal sodium diet.

intravenous furosemide

Intravenous small volumes of HSS (150mL 1.4-4.6% NaCl), plus treatment with intravenous infusion of furosemide (doses 125-250mg⁄ bid) from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge, with water restriction and a normal sodium diet.

Hypertonic saline solutions

repeated paracentesis from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge

Seriated paracentesis

Antonino Tuttolomondo

Internal Medicine Ward of Palermo University Hospital

Internal Medicine Ward, University of Palermo

Metabolic Effects of Furosemide +HSS in Refractory Ascites

Immune-inflammatory and Metabolic Effects of High Dose Furosemide Plus Hypertonic Saline Solution (HSS) Treatment in Cirrhotic Subjects With Refractory Ascite

difference between ANP serum levels at admission and ANP serum levels at discharge.

difference between BNP serum levels at admission and BNP serum levels at discharge.

difference between IL-1 beta serum levels at admission and IL-1 beta serum levels

difference between serum visfatin at admission and serum visfatin at discharge.

difference between serum leptin at admission and serum leptin at discharge.

difference between serum TNF-alfa at admission and serum TNF-alfa at discharge.

difference between serum IL-6 at admission and serum Il-6 at discharge.

MD, PhD, Associate Professor

University of Palermo

Benign Thyroid Nodules

Echopulse is a real-time US-guided High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) system, the HIFU session is a noninvasive procedure that involves application of a focused high-energy ultrasound beam for thermal tissue ablation inside the targeted zone, with minimal effect on the surrounding tissue

Echopulse

Queen Mary Hospital

A Prospective Evaluation of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules

Change in volume (ml) of the targeted benign thyroid nodule 6 months after one successful course of HIFU

Change in greatest dimension (in mm) of the targeted benign thyroid nodule 6 months after one successful course of HIFU

Patient pain score immediately after completion of HIFU treatment session.

The incidence rate of local or general adverse events after completion of HIFU treatment session.

liver neoplasms/turse

Study on Effect of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation in Hepatitis B Virus Induced Cirrhosis

The Effect of Urea Cream on Sorafenib-associated Hand-Foot Skin Reaction

Metabolic Effects of Furosemide +HSS in Refractory Ascites

A Prospective Evaluation of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules

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