picrotoxin/põletik

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Inhibitory role of diazepam on autoimmune inflammation in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

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Glutamate and GABA are the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS, and both may be involved in the neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative conditions. We have recently found that glutamate release was decreased in isolated synaptosomes from the rat cerebral cortex during the

The inflammatory molecules IL-1β and HMGB1 can rapidly enhance focal seizure generation in a brain slice model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

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Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by a hyperexcitable brain tissue and unpredictable seizures, i.e., aberrant firing discharges in large neuronal populations. It is well established that proinflammatory cytokines, in addition to their canonical involvement in the immune response,

Rosmarinic acid improves oxidative stress parameters and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity following 4-aminopyridine and picrotoxin-induced seizure in mice.

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Studies have indicated that epilepsy, an important neurological disease, can generate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, among other damages to the brain. In this context, the use of antioxidant compounds could provide neuroprotection and help to reduce the damage caused by epileptic

Acute inflammation reveals GABAA receptor-mediated nociception in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons via PGE2 receptor 4 signaling.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) depolarizes dorsal root ganglia (DRG) primary afferent neurons through activation of Cl- permeable GABAA receptors but the physiologic role of GABAA receptors in the peripheral terminals of DRG neurons remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of

Effects of anesthetic regimes on inflammatory responses in a rat model of acute lung injury.

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OBJECTIVE Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter through activation of GABA receptors. Volatile anesthetics activate type-A (GABA(A)) receptors resulting in inhibition of synaptic transmission. Lung epithelial cells have been recently found to express GABA(A)

Pentobarbital, diazepam, and ethanol abolish the interphase diminution of pain in the formalin test: evidence for pain modulation by GABAA receptors.

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There are two phases to the behavioral response to injection of formalin. After an initial vigorous response, a period of reduced pain occurs 10 to 15 min after formalin, followed by reemergence of pain-related behaviors. These phases are believed to represent acute chemical stimulation of afferent

Interferon-gamma induces characteristics of central sensitization in spinal dorsal horn neurons in vitro.

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Hyperexcitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons, also known as 'central sensitization', is a component of pain associated with pathological conditions in the nervous system. The aim of the present study was to analyze if the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which can be

Activities of α-asarone in various animal seizure models and in biochemical assays might be essentially accounted for by antioxidant properties.

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Anticonvulsant properties of α-asarone were studied in mice at three doses with different toxicity. The 100mg/kg dose decreased both treadmill performance and locomotor activity, caused hypothermia, and potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep. The last two effects and no toxicity were observed at 60

Valproic acid increases susceptibility to endotoxin shock through enhanced release of high-mobility group box 1.

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High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor and a secreted protein. During inflammation, HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular space where it can interact with the receptor for advanced glycation end products and trigger proinflammatory signals. Extracellular HMGB1 plays a critical role

Involvement of GABAergic systems in manifestation of pharmacological activity of desipramine.

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We have conducted this study to elucidate the influence of GABAergic systems on manifestation of pharmacological activity of desipramine using both pharmacological and electrophysiological methods. Desipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly blocked the adjuvant-induced thermal hyperalgesia, which

Targeting Nitric Oxide Production in Microglia with Novel Imidazodiazepines for Nonsedative Pain Treatment

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The goal of this research is the identification of new treatments for neuropathic pain. We characterized the GABAergic system of immortalized mouse and human microglia using electrophysiology and qRT-PCR. Cells from both species exhibited membrane current changes in response to γ-aminobutyric acid,

Analgesic and anticonvulsant properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (Fabaceae) fruit aqueous extract in mice.

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Previous studies in our laboratories and elsewhere have shown that the fruit of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (family: Fabaceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine for the management and/or control of an array of human ailments, including schistosomiasis, asthma, epilepsy, hypertension

GABA increases electrical excitability in a subset of human unmyelinated peripheral axons.

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BACKGROUND A proportion of small diameter primary sensory neurones innervating human skin are chemosensitive. They respond in a receptor dependent manner to chemical mediators of inflammation as well as naturally occurring algogens, thermogens and pruritogens. The neurotransmitter GABA is

The analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of piperine in mice.

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Piperine, is the major active principal of black pepper. In traditional medicine, black pepper has been used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory agent and in the treatment of epilepsy. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of piperine in mice. The

Anti-convulsant effect of phthalazino-2,3b-phthalazine-5(14H),12(7h)-dione (L-5418). I. Behavioral effect.

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Since it had been demonstrated that L5418 has an anti-convulsant effect with no relation to its anti-inflammatory properties, comparative studies were carried out with the use of currently available anti-convulsant agents as controls. L-5418 inhibited tonic convulsions induced by maximal

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