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The effects of aromatherapy on nicotine craving on a U.S. campus: a small comparison study.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of two inhaled essential oils (black pepper or angelica) on the nicotine habits of students, staff, and faculty on a U.S. college campus. METHODS Comparative study with pre-/post-test measures. METHODS Community college in rural East Texas. METHODS Convenience sample

Time-resolved dual transcriptomics reveal early induced Nicotiana benthamiana root genes and conserved infection-promoting Phytophthora palmivora effectors.

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Plant-pathogenic oomycetes are responsible for economically important losses in crops worldwide. Phytophthora palmivora, a tropical relative of the potato late blight pathogen, causes rotting diseases in many tropical crops including papaya, cocoa, oil palm, black pepper, rubber, coconut, durian,

Smokeless tobacco (shammah) in Saudi Arabia: a review of its pattern of use, prevalence, and potential role in oral cancer.

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BACKGROUND Shammah is a traditional form of chewing tobacco [smokeless tobacco, (ST)] that is commonly used in the Middle East especially in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Yemen and Sudan. The Substance Abuse Research Centre (SARC) at Jazan University noted that no adequate research and information on the

Shammah (Smokeless Tobacco) and Public Health

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Shammah is a preparation of smokeless tobacco (ST) that is frequently used in the Arabian Peninsula, especially in Saudi Arabia. A mixture of powdered tobacco, lime, ash, black pepper, oils and flavorings, shammah in is placed in the buccal cavity or lower labial vestibule of the mouth. The user (or

Oral irritant effects of nicotine. Psychophysical evidence for decreased sensation following repeated application of and lack of cross-desensitization to capsaicin.

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When delivered to the oral mucosa, a variety of naturally occurring chemicals such as capsaicin from red chili peppers, piperine from black pepper, and nicotine from tobacco, cause a diffuse burning sensation often referred to as irritation. The burning sensation evoked by capsaicin increases when

Down-regulation of osmotin (PR5) gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) leads to susceptibility of resistant Piper colubrinum Link. to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici Leonian.

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Piper colubrinum Link., a distant relative of Piper nigrum L., is immune to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici Leonian that causes 'quick wilt' in cultivated black pepper (P. nigrum). The osmotin, PR5 gene homologue, earlier identified from P. colubrinum, showed significant overexpression in

Food habits and esophageal cancer: an overview.

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Cancer of the esophagus has a more varied geographical distribution and incidence than any other commonly occurring cancer. Its incidence rate is increasing in many countries, especially among males. Esophageal cancer has been found to be associated with the consumption of alcohol and tobacco,

Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India.

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Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causing mosaic, leaf distortion and stunting of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India was characterized on the basis of biological and coat protein (CP) nucleotide sequence properties. In mechanical inoculation tests, the virus was found to infect members of

Thermal irritation and esophageal cancer in northern Iran.

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The ingestion of hot food and beverages has repeatedly been postulated as a risk factor for cancer of the esophagus. Although several studies have been performed on the correlation of the consumption of hot tea and esophageal cancer, no research has heretofore documented, by actually measuring, the

[Studies on the crude drugs used for the folk medicine described in "mimi-bukuro"].

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"Mimi-bukuro" is a book written by Moriyasu Negishi in the Edo period. M. Negishi (1737-1815) was a magistrate in the town of Edo. He was very much interested in listening and recording many kinds of stories, which were told by the various kinds of people, such as public officers, samurais,

Brainstem neurons expressing c-Fos immunoreactivity following irritant chemical stimulation of the rat's tongue.

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Many chemicals including nicotine, capsaicin and piperine (pungent chemicals in red and black peppers, respectively) evoke oral pain and irritation via largely unknown neural mechanisms. As a first step in defining the central pathway for oral chemical irritation, we have used an immunohistochemical

Plant-parasitic Nematode Problems in the Pacific Islands.

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The Pacific islands have a diverse range of food and cash crops with indigenous and introduced nematode problems. The staple food crops have serious nematode pests, such as Meloidogyne spp. on sweet potato, Hirschmanniella miticausa causing corm rot of taro, and Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus

Antimutagenicity studies of chlorophyllin using the Salmonella arabinose-resistant assay system.

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Studies with the arabinose-resistant Salmonella forward mutation assay system were performed to determine the antimutagenic activity of chlorophyllin against the mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and

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