150 mg daily for a month then 300 mg daily for the rest of the study (5 months)

Musculoskeletal Degeneration

Inflammation

Hyperuricemia

Individuals who meet the inclusion criteria and also have morphostructural changes suggestive of MSU crystal deposits in their MSUS will start treatment with allopurinol at a dosage of 150 mg to be taken daily, orally for a month and then to be increased to 300 mg. The rest of the individuals' medication is not to be altered. If a participant presents hypersensitivity to allopurinol, they are to stop the medication and will be excluded from the investigation.
Three months after starting treatment, the participants will have a physical exam, confirm the continuation of the treatment (adjust dosage if needed) and take a blood sample for laboratory tests. Six months after treatment is started, the participants will be reevaluated by MSUS and have another blood sample taken, Once the study is finished, continuing or ending treatment with allopurinol will be decided by the medical judgment of the physician of each participant.

Allopurinol Pill

Instituto Nacional de Cardiología

National Institute of Cardiology Mexico

Effects of Allopurinol on Inflammation and Ultrasonographic Changes in People With Elevated Uric Acid But no Symptoms

Effects of Allopurinol on Inflammatory Markers and Morphostructural Changes Evidenced by Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Individuals With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia. A Proof of Concept

To measure changes in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß))

To measure changes in proinflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor)

To measure changes in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 6 (IL-6))

To measure changes in proinflammatory cytokines (Interferon-γ)

To measure changes in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 18 (IL-18))

To measure changes in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 17 (IL-17))

To measure changes in chemokines (Interleukin 8 (IL-8))

To measure changes in chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1))

To measure changes in microRNAs (miR) (miR-155)

To measure changes in the percentage of Cluster of Differentiation 4 cells that lack the expression of Cluster of Differentiation 28 (CD4+CD28null)

Presence of the ultrasonographic elemental lesions caused by monosodium urate crystals: (Double contour sign is a hyperechoic abnormal band over the superficial margin of articular hyaline cartilage, independent from insonation angle which can be regular or irregular, continuous or intermittent and that distinguishes itself from the cartilage interphase sign)

Presence of the ultrasonographic elemental lesions caused by monosodium urate crystals: (Tophi are described, independent of location, as an heterogenous, circumscript aggregate, hyper- and/or hypoechoic, which can be surrounded by a small anechoic halo and can have a posterior acoustic shadow)

Presence of the ultrasonographic elemental lesions caused by monosodium urate crystals: (Aggregates are described, independent of location, as heterogenous hyperechoic foci which maintain a high degree of reflectivity even when gain is reduced to the minimum or when the insonation angle is changed, also they can sometimes create a posterior acoustic shadow)

Presence of the ultrasonographic elemental lesions caused by monosodium urate crystals: (Erosions are described as a discontinuation of the bone surface, seen in two perpendicular planes)

Luis M Amezcua-Guerra

Head of Immunology Department, Principal Investigator

Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez

Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion

Metabolic Syndrome

Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Febuxostat 40 mg orally per day plus dietary control only

Febuxostat 40 mg

Benzbromarone 50mg orally per day plus dietary control only

Benzbromarone 50mg

Control

Tri-service General Hospital, songshan branch

Urate Lowering Therapies and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

The Cardiovascular Effects of Febuxostat and Benzbromarone on Left Ventricle Diastolic Dysfunction in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperuricemia - an Open-label Non-blinded Randomized-controlled Clinical Trial

the mean change of average E/e' in each group

the mean difference of average E/e' between among three groups

the mean difference of AOBP among three groups

the mean change of xanthine oxidase activity in each group

the mean difference of xanthine oxidase activity among three groups

the mean change of left ventricular mass index in each group

the mean difference of left ventricular mass index among three groups

the mean change of tumor necrosis factor alpha in each group

the mean difference of tumor necrosis factor alpha among three groups

the mean change of high-sensitivity interleukin-6 in each group

the mean difference of high-sensitivity interleukin-6 among three groups

the mean change of Thioredoxin in each group

the mean difference of Thioredoxin among three group

the mean Change of fibroblast growth factor 23 in each group

the mean difference of fibroblast growth factor 23 among three groups

the mean change of Dickkopf-related protein 3 in each group

the mean difference of Dickkopf-related protein 3 among three groups

the mean change of galectin-3 in each group

the mean difference of galectin-3 among three groups

the mean difference of ST2 among three groups

xanthine/nekroos

Effects of Allopurinol on Inflammation and Ultrasonographic Changes in People With Elevated Uric Acid But no Symptoms

Urate Lowering Therapies and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis With Pentoxifylline

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