Vaccine-Associated Neurological Adverse Events: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce the burden of preventable illness. However, many clinical reports revealed that various vaccinations may associate with neurological disorders, mainly including autoimmune disease, febrile seizure, and vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). Although more and more reports revealed that part of above post-vaccine neurological disorders are not directly related to vaccination, it may be merely coincidence. However, these reports may increase the hesitancy on vaccination for public population and influence the coverage of vaccination. In this report, we described a child with acute flaccid paralysis may be caused by poliovirus vaccine. To provide the feasible ways to realize or reduce the risk of neurological adverse events caused by vaccines, we further provide a mini review of literatures of vaccination associated neurological adverse events. This revealed that oral poliomyelitis vaccine use exclusively and type 2 serotype poliomyelitis vaccine virus were the risk factor of VAPP. Combination vaccine was associated with an increased risk of ADEM and FS following immunization, when compared with administration of vaccines separately. Even though cases have been reported that vaccination may be trigger of anti-NMDARe and GBS, no direct evidences to prove that vaccination increased the risk of GBS and anti-NMDARe.