A systematic review and quality assessment of case reports of adverse events for borage (Borago officinalis), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and comfrey (Symphytum officinale).
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Symphytum officinale (comfrey), Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot) and Borago officinalis (borage) have long histories of therapeutic use, but their safety has been questioned due to the presence of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The evidence base underlying these concerns relies in part on case reports. This systematic review assesses these case reports for their reliability to inform this debate.Study selection was restricted to case reports describing possible pyrrolizidine alkaloid related harm and ingestion of comfrey, coltsfoot or borage. An extensive search of academic databases was conducted. Papers meeting the criteria were critically appraised.The search resulted in 11 appropriate case reports, none of which involved borage. Nine reports were assessed for causality and indicated some degree of association between the material ingested and the adverse event. Lack of unequivocal identification of the species ingested compromised attribution and was a significant source of uncertainty. Three levels of identity confusions were found; misidentification or substitution at the level of the whole herb; omission of appropriate botanical identification and attribution of a specific PA to either comfrey or coltsfoot when it is a constituent found in other plants of established toxicity.These cases are an unreliable body of evidence on which to draw conclusions about oral consumption of Symphytum officinale and Tussilago farfara. With insufficient evidence to differentiate the relative risk of one PA-containing plant from another; toxicological studies based on oral ingestion of phytochemically complex preparations of these herbs may be the most accurate methodology for assessing clinical risk.
کاملترین پایگاه داده گیاهان دارویی با پشتیبانی علمی
به 55 زبان کار می کند
درمان های گیاهی با پشتوانه علم
شناسایی گیاهان توسط تصویر
نقشه GPS تعاملی - گیاهان را در مکان نشان دهید (به زودی)
انتشارات علمی مربوط به جستجوی خود را بخوانید
گیاهان دارویی را با توجه به اثرات آنها جستجو کنید
علایق خود را سازماندهی کنید و با تحقیقات اخبار ، آزمایشات بالینی و حق ثبت اختراع در جریان باشید
علامت یا بیماری را تایپ کنید و در مورد گیاهانی که ممکن است به شما کمک کنند ، بخوانید ، یک گیاه تایپ کنید و بیماری ها و علائمی را که در برابر آن استفاده می شود ، ببینید. * کلیه اطلاعات براساس تحقیقات علمی منتشر شده است