butanol/hypoxia

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Icariside II from Epimedium koreanum inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in human osteosarcoma cells.

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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an important tumor-selective therapeutic target for solid tumors. Icariside II was isolated from Epimedium koreanum through successive fractionation with ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform and hexane, followed by gel column chromatography. Icariside II

Intermittent Hypoxia and Hypercapnia Accelerate Atherosclerosis, Partially via Trimethylamine-Oxide.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia (IHC) during sleep. OSA has been shown to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the relation of IHC to the induction or progression of atherosclerosis is not well understood. To dissect the

Increased phospholipase D2 activity during hypoxia-induced death of PC12 cells: its possible anti-apoptotic role.

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During hypoxic incubation (1% O2) of PC12 cells, the PLD activity was transiently increased within 12h, followed by a gradual decrease. In the in vitro assay, the increased PLD activity was independent of GTPgammaS required for PLD1 or of oleic acid for PLD(OA), suggesting the activation of PLD2.

Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia is mediated by phospholipase D isozymes in human astroglioma cells.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an isoform of prostaglandin H synthase induced by hypoxia and has been implicated in the growth and progression of a variety of human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes in cobalt chloride (CoCl(2))-induced

Sulfhydryl protection and the oxygen effect on radiation-induced inactivation of r-chromatin in vitro. Influence of an OH scavenger: t-butanol.

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Transcriptionally active r-chromatin from Tetrahymena has been irradiated in dilute phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, in the presence of the sulfhydryl compound 2-mercaptoethanol [MSH]. MSH was more protective against radiation-induced inactivation of transcription under N2 than under O2. The OH scavenger,

Pharmacodynamic screening and simulation study of anti-hypoxia active fraction of xiangdan injection.

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BACKGROUND The herbal formula Xiangdan injection and its modifications have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about hundreds years to alleviate pain and promoting blood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-hypoxia active fraction of Xiangdan injection. METHODS Xiangdan injection was

Effects of alkyl alcohols and related chemicals on rat liver structure and function. II. Some biochemical properties of ethanol-, propanol- and butanol-treated rat liver mitochondria.

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Functional changes of mitochondria in the liver obtained from rats given 32% ethanol, 32% propanol and 6.9% butanol in drinking water for up to 3 months were investigated. Animals were also fed a liquid diet containing ethanol for comparison. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Animals given

Determination of rat cerebral cortical blood volume changes by capillary mean transit time analysis during hypoxia, hypercapnia and hyperventilation.

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Changes in cerebral blood volume due to augmented or diminished numbers of blood-perfused capillaries can be studied in small animals by optical methods. Capillary mean transit time was determined by detection of the passage of a hemodilution bolus through a region of the parietal cerebral cortical

Effect of hypoxia on tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative injury in hepatocytes.

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Toxicity of t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) was studied at different steady state O2 concentrations under conditions at which O2 deficiency alone did not cause cell death. t-BuOOH-induced cell death was more rapid in hypoxic than normoxic cells; the maximal rate of cell death occurred in anoxic

Antioxidant potential, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of Rhododendron anthopogonoides and its protective effect on hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells.

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BACKGROUND Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim, a kind of traditional Tibetan medicine, has been used to remove body heat, body detoxification, cough, asthma, stomachic and swelling, eliminate abundant phlegm and inflammatory for a long time. In the present study, the total phenols and total

Novel cardioprotective effects of tetrahydrobiopterin after anoxia and reoxygenation: Identifying cellular targets for pharmacologic manipulation.

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OBJECTIVE Contemporary cardioprotective strategies to prevent perioperative ischemia-reperfusion injury have focused on the l-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an absolute cofactor required for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase and is thus a critical determinant of nitric oxide

Effects of some -OH scavengers on the radiation sensitization of bacterial spores by p-nitroacetophenone and O2 in suspension.

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Spores of Bacillus megaterium were irradiated in suspension with 50 kVp X-rays under three reference conditions: in anoxia (i.e., 100 per cent N2); in anoxia with 2mM p-nitroacetophenone (PNAP), a concentration that shows the maximum amount of sensitization by this agent; and in air. The responses

[Is olfactory function impaired in moderate height?].

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BACKGROUND The human sense of smell seems to be influenced by the surrounding barometric pressure. These factors appear to be especially important during flights, for example, in order to recognize the smell of fire etc. Thus, questions are whether pilots or passengers exhibit an impaired smell

Environmentally benign synthesis of natural glycosides using apple seed meal as green and robust biocatalyst.

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Salidroside is a natural glycoside with pharmacological activities of resisting anoxia, microwave radiation and fatigue, improving oxygen lack, and postponing ageing. In this work, salidroside and other natural glucosides such as cinnamyl O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 4-methoxybenzyl

Breaking survival curves and oxygen removal times in irradiated bacterial spores.

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Although there are ambiguities about these results and their interpretations, this unambiguous experimental observation was made: the two kinds of experiments designed to measure deoxygenation times did not give the same answer, for a given N2 flushing rate, unless t-butanol was present. The

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Herbal & Natural Medicine

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