Low Back Pain

stretching exercises :single knee to chest (15 reps x 3 sets) double knee to chest(15 reps x 3 sets) strengthening exercises: extension exercises (15 reps x 3 sets)

Dry Needling

Sustain Pressure (Number of repetition and hold according to trigger point chronic level)
+ Hot pack 10 to 15 minutes + Active muscle stretching exercise (10 repetition twice daily)

Sustain Pressure

Riphah International University

Comparison of Dry Needling and Sustained Pressure in Para-spinal Muscles Trigger Points

Comparison of Dry Needling and Sustained Pressure in Trigger Points of Lumbar Paraspinal Muscles

Changes from the base line, The Oswestry Disability Index is an extremely important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability. The test is considered the 'gold standard' of low back functional outcome tools.At the end score is calculated by dividing the obtained score by total (50) multiplied by 100.As one question(section 8) was dropped in all participants ,so total score was considered as 45 instead of 50.

Changes from the base line, Muscle length assessment technique is use to measure available range of muscle. In paraspinal muscles length assessment patient would be sitting position. Palpate anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) bilaterally and instruct the patient to flex forward producing posterior pelvic tilt. Feel when ASIS starts to move this is the end of thoracolumbar flexion and initiation of posterior pelvic tilt. , Patient forehead would come 10 inches of the knees normally.

Changes from the base line, The visual analogue scale is one dimensional measure of pain intensity in adults inclusive those with chronic pain. The intensity of pain experienced by the patients on this scale range from no pain (score 0) to very severe pain (score 100). It is marked by paper and pencil on a line consist of horizontal (HVAS) or vertical (VVAS) comprised of 10centimeters (100mm) in length.

Changes from the base line, Algometer is a device used to recognize the minimum pressure or force which induce pain pressure threshold (PPT). It is uncomplicated portable tool with a spring install in it. Peak force or pressure provided by this device is kilopond (kp) = 10 N, Newton = 100 kilopascal (kPa).

this study is randomized control trail, participants are randomly allocated through sealed envelope method

phantom limb/سردرد

Comparison of Dry Needling and Sustained Pressure in Para-spinal Muscles Trigger Points

Treatment of Back Pain Using Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation (TCMS)

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