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MAT1A variants are associated with hypertension, stroke, and markers of DNA damage and are modulated by plasma vitamin B-6 and folate.

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BACKGROUND The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type 1 (MAT1A) gene encodes a key enzyme in one-carbon nutrient metabolism. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the association of MAT1A variants with homocysteine, DNA damage, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Eight variants of MAT1A were

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase over-expression does not alter S-adenosylmethionine or S-adenosylhomocysteine levels in CBS deficient mice.

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Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with a number of human diseases including coronary artery disease, stroke, osteoporosis and dementia. It is highly correlated with intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Since SAH is a strong inhibitor of methyl-transfer reactions

S-adenosylhomocysteine, but not homocysteine, is toxic to yeast lacking cystathionine beta-synthase.

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Elevated plasma homocysteine is associated with a variety of diseases in humans including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and birth defects. However, the mechanism by which plasma homocysteine affects cells is unknown. We have examined the growth of isogenic wild-type

Homocysteine, a new cardiovascular risk factor, is also a powerful uremic toxin.

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Homocystinuria, an inherited disease in which plasma levels of homocysteine are high, was discovered in the sixties and it soon became clear that the affected patients had striking features of generalized atherosclerosis. The most common causes of death were arterial and venous thrombosis, stroke,

Methylation metabolism in sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

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We have recently shown that sepsis leads to alterations of methylation metabolism in a rodent model. In this study we analyzed methylation metabolism and DNA methylation in human sepsis. Patients treated in one of the Intensive Care Units (ICU) at the University Hospital Bonn diagnosed with sepsis

[Hereditary metabolic diseases with onset in adulthood. Early and correct treatment of acute symptoms can be life-saving].

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Inherited metabolic diseases usually present in the neonatal period or before school age. A growing portion of the disorders can be treated successfully, and an increasing number of patients are now treated in adult medicine. Several of the disorders also exist as attenuated variants without

Transgenic animals as models in the study of the neurobiological role of polyamines.

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Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, exhibit a number of neurophysiological and metabolic effects in brain preparations. In the in vitro studies, several specific sites of action have been identified such as ion channels, transmitter release and Ca2+ homeostasis. Polyamines have

Hydrogen sulfide: neurochemistry and neurobiology.

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Current evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in brain functions, probably acting as a neuromodulator as well as an intracellular messenger. In the mammalian CNS, H2S is formed from the amino acid cysteine by the action of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) with serine

Folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 and one carbon metabolism.

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The vitamins folic acid, B12 and B6 and B2 are the source of coenzymes which participate in one carbon metabolism. In this metabolism, a carbon unit from serine or glycine is transferred to tetrahydrofolate (THF) to form methylene-THF. This is either used as such for the synthesis of thymidine,

A diet rich in taurine, cysteine, folate, B12 and betaine may lessen risk for Alzheimer's disease by boosting brain synthesis of hydrogen sulfide.

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The gaseous physiological modulator hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has recently been shown to exert a variety of neuroprotective effects. In particular, the treatment of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with agents that release H₂S aids preservation of cognitive

Folic acid, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease.

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Folic acid plays an important role in neuroplasticity and in the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Folate is a co-factor in one-carbon metabolism during which it promotes the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine, a highly reactive sulfur-containing amino acid. Methionine may then be

A metabolic link between S-adenosylhomocysteine and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.

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There is evidence that vascular risk factors contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Increased concentrations of circulating homocysteine are associated with vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Homocysteine inhibits the hydrolysis of

Adenosine inhibits human astrocyte proliferation independently of adenosine receptor activation.

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Brain adenosine concentrations can reach micromolar concentrations in stressful situations such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or hypoxic regions of brain tumours. Adenosine can act by receptor-independent mechanism by reversing the reaction catalysed by S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)

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Herbal & Natural Medicine

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