Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of extracts from endemic medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Côte d'Ivoire

Introduction: Plasmodium falciparum strains had been increasingly resistant to commonly used molecules including artemisinin. It is therefore urges to find new therapeutic alternatives. Methods: In this study, the antiplasmodial activity of 21 extracts obtained from seven plants of the Anthocleista djalonensis, Cochlospermum planchonii, Harungana madagascariensis, Hoslundia opposita, Mangifera indica, Margaritaria discoidea and Pericopsis laxiflora of the Ivorian pharmacopoeia was evaluated on the chloroquine sensitive (NF54) and multi-resistant (K1) reference strains and on clinical isolates as well. The technique used was the microtiter method based on fluorescence reading with SYBR Green. Results: The aqueous extract of the bark of H. madagascariensis and methanolic extracts of P. laxiflora showed the best antiplasmodial activity with IC₅₀ values of 6.16 µg/mL and 7.44 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, extracts of M. indica showed a very moderate activity with IC₅₀ values between 15 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL (5<IC₅₀<50 µg/mL) on the same strains of P. falciparum. Only the aqueous extract of A. djalonensis had IC₅₀ values greater than 50 µg/mL. The phytochemical analysis showed a strong presence of polyphenols and alkaloids in extracts with a cumulative rate of 90.47% and 95.23%, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained were also justified by the composition of these plants, which have several secondary metabolites involved in the treatment of malaria. The antiplasmodial properties of these plants could partially justify their use in malaria treatment. Further studies on these extracts are needed to manufacture a stable galenic formulation for the development of an improved traditional medicine.

Keywords: Antiplasmodial activity; Côte d'Ivoire; P. falciparum; Traditional pharmacopoeia.