Methods are provided for treating or prophylactically preventing metabolic disorders in humans without causing, promoting, or aggravating fluid retention, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, or congestive heart failure, by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound sufficient to partially or fully activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and partially or fully inhibit, antagonize or block the activity of angiotensin II type 1 receptors. Metabolic disorders that can be treated or prevented include but are not limited to type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and other insulin resistance syndromes. Compounds are provided that antagonize or block the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, function as partial or full activators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), can be used to treat or prevent diseases known to be treatable or preventable by PPAR activators and were not previously recognized to be therapeutic targets for angiotensin II receptor antagonists.

Bethesda Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

PPAR ligands that do not cause fluid retention, edema or congestive heart failure

PPAR Ligands that do not cause fluid retention, edema or congestive heart failure

Provided are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating or preventing edema, using an anti-T cell agent, an anti-TGF-.beta.1 agent, or an anti-angiotensin agent, preferably a combination of at least two such agents. The pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for systemic or local administration, and are preferably administered topically.

angiotensin/turvotus

PPAR ligands that do not cause fluid retention, edema or congestive heart failure

PPAR Ligands that do not cause fluid retention, edema or congestive heart failure

Compositions and methods for treatment of edema

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