1000 ml of 0.9% normal saline bolus over one hour.

10 ml of 0.9% normal saline over one hour.

Migraine Disorders

Headache

Acute Pain

1000 ml of 0.9% normal saline bolus over one hour

Bolus fluid administration

Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital

The Effect of Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Acute Migraine Attacks

The Utility of Adding 1 L Intravenous Normal Saline to Standard 75 mg Intramuscular Diclofenac Potassium Injection in Patients Presented to the Emergency Department With an Acute Migraine Attack

The patient will be asked to place a mark between the 0 and 10 cm points indicated on a 10 cm line, the distance of the marked point to 0 will be taken as the VAS(headache) score in mm.

The patient will be asked to place a mark between the 0 and 10 cm points indicated on a 10 cm line, the distance of the marked point to 0 will be taken as the VASnausea score in mm.

Categorized as none, mild (makes it difficult to do daily tasks), moderate (not able to do daily tasks), severe (requires bed rest).

The proportion of patients with the following adverse events in each group will be actively pursued during the administration of treatment at the ED: hypernatremia, fluid retention, high blood pressure, injection site reactions

The proportion of patients will successful and failed treatments will be compared between study groups. Successful treatment is defined if VAS(headache) is decreased at least 50% from the highest VAS(headache) reported by the patient at any time-point without the need of additional analgesics and/or antiemetics. Failed treatment is defined if VAS(headache) is decreased not more than 10% from the highest VAS(headache) or patient's declaration that the headache is the same at the 2nd hour. All patients defined as failed treatment will be offered the rescue treatment (analgesic and/or antiemetic).

Duration between the time of admission to the emergency department and discharge up to 24 hours.

The patients will be asked to answer if their headache is still present or not, and will be requested to answer as "yes" or "no".

The patients will be asked to answer if their headache has recurred (may still be present or not) or not, and will be requested to answer as "yes" or "no".

If the patient could eat a regular meal without vomiting in the 30 minutes after intake, they will be considered as "able to eat". All other conditions will be considered a "no".

Haldun Akoglu

Professor of Emergency Medicine

Marmara University

Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment Secondary Purpose: Adverse Event

The fluid bag, intravenous pump, serum set will be concealed with opaque coaters, so that patients, doctors, and study investigators will be blinded to the treatment group. Only the nurse who sets the infusion pump will be aware of the treatment group of the patient.

In this study, the group is the treatment group. Patients are randomly assigned to participate, and patients will be given current parameters for setting time and flow.

In this study, the group is the control group. Patients are randomly assigned to participate, and patients will be given simulated electrical stimulation.

Post-stroke Depression

When the patient is ready for the treatment, place an electrode on the patient's forehead and place an electrode in each of the mastoid areas behind each ear. The three electrodes are placed in this way to enhance the performance of the Nexalin ADI device. When the device is activated, there will be a weak current passing through the forehead electrode and each mastoid electrode. The current intensity of Nexalin ADI treatment defaults to 15.00 mA and the duration defaults to 40 minutes. Both are preset to default parameters and cannot be changed.

NEXALIN ADI AC stimulator

When the patient is ready for the treatment, place an electrode on the patient's forehead and place an electrode in each of the mastoid areas behind each ear. When the device is started, no current flows through the electrodes, but the instrument's operating procedures, parameter displays, and prompts are the same as for a real instrument.

Pseudo-stimulator

The Official website of NEXALIN ADI AC stimulator

Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Treating Post-stroke Depression

The Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation for Treating Post-stroke Depression: a Randomized Controlled Trial

the proportion of participants having an improvement at week 8, which includes response per the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-Item (HAMD-17) defined as a ≥ 50% reduction from the baseline or clinical recovery (score ≤ 7).

The improvement will be decided by a reduction of ≥ 50% or the total score of 0-1 in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (ranging from 0 to 42, higher scores indicate a more severe neurological deficit)

measured by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) over the trial (scores on this scale range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more significant disability), and the improvement is defined as 0, 1, and 2 in mRS.

the Barthel Index (BI) score is used to assess the activities of daily living (ranging from 0 to 100, higher scores indicate increased independence)

the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) is a 7-point scale ranging from 1 being "normal, not at all ill" to 7 being "among the most extremely ill patients"

The proportions of participants have improvements of 1, 2, and 3 in the CGI-Improvement.

The changes of participants on anxiety symptoms

The changes of participants on cognitive function assessed by MMSE

The changes of participants on cognitive function

the proportion of participants having an improvement at week 4, which includes response per the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-Item (HAMD-17) defined as a ≥ 50% reduction from the baseline or clinical recovery (score ≤ 7).

assessing the resting-state high-density EEG (rsHEEG) by utilizing a 128 channel EEG system (Geodesic EEG system 400, Electrical Geodesics, Inc., OR, USA) at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

to measure cognitive status of PSD by the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) of all patients will be recorded at baseline, week 4, and week 8. and the epileptic seizure will be verified by two independent experienced neurologists based on EEG activity and clinical manifestations.

Allen Song，MD & PHD

Vice Chief of Neurology Department

Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing

Experiment Group: (NEXALIN ADI AC stimulators) vs Mock Group(pseudo-stimulators). Both require the same appearance, all kinds of buttons, buttons, lights, switches, settings, etc. are the same, but the pseudo-stimulator can not release current.

The study is blind to participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor. If a serious adverse event occurs, stop treatment immediately.

Transnasal blockade of SPG approach involving the application of 2 cc (approximately the size of a pea) of 2% lidocaine jelly on a cotton swab directed posteriorly towards the SPG in the nasal passage bilaterally. Cotton swab will be inserted to the back of the nasal passage until it can no longer be inserted any further. The cotton swab should remain in place for 15 minutes on both sides simultaneously. The patient will be instructed on how to perform this procedure on themselves, and they will be given supplies for a 7-day supply of medication to be administered two times per day at approximately 12 hour intervals.

Transnasal blockade of SPG approach involving the application of 2 cc (approximately the size of a pea) of nasal saline jelly on a cotton swab directed posteriorly towards the SPG in the nasal passage bilaterally. Cotton swab will be inserted to the back of the nasal passage until it can no longer be inserted any further. The cotton swab should remain in place for 15 minutes. The patient will be instructed on how to perform this procedure on themselves, and they will be given supplies for a 7-day supply of medication to be administered up to two times per day at approximately 12 hour intervals.

Post-Dural Puncture Headache

Patients will be prescribed a regimen of 1 g acetaminophen q 8hrs alternating with 600 mg ibuprofen q 6 hours. In addition they will be instructed to continue oral fluid hydration and minimal activity for 24 hours.
At 2-hours following the SPG blockade an EBP will be offered to patients. Patient will also be informed that they can request an EBP at any time. The SPG blockade will be performed twice daily in the hospital and twice daily at home, by the patient. The patient will also be informed, if that at anytime, they would like an EBP, it can be provided.
While the study is being conducted, patients will not be offered a SPG block unless enrolled in the study.

Lidocaine HCl Gel 2%

placebo gel

University of Utah

RCT of SPG Blocks for Post-dural Headache

A Multicenter Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for the Treatment of the Postdural Puncture Headache After Labor Epidural

Proportion of postpartum women with a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) requesting epidural blood patch (EBP)

Daily Questionnaire regarding functionality

cluster headache/pahoinvointi

The Effect of Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Acute Migraine Attacks

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Treating Post-stroke Depression

RCT of SPG Blocks for Post-dural Headache

Randomized Evaluation of Octreotide Versus Compazine for Emergency Department Treatment of Migraine Headache

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