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Analgesic renal papillary necrosis.

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Analgesic nephropathy is well recognised. This is a retrospective review of 19 patients with the disease, who presented at Groote Schuur Hospital over a 4-year period. The diagnosis was made on historical and clinical grounds and on the radiological manifestations of papillary necrosis. The mean age

Comparative analysis of apoptosis-inducing activity of codeine and codeinone.

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BACKGROUND There are relatively few studies about the antiproliferative effects of codeine-related compounds on human cancer cell lines, compared with those of morphine-related compounds. The authors previously found that codeinone, an oxidation metabolite of codeine, among 10 opioids, showed the

Internet search and krokodil in the Russian Federation: an infoveillance study.

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BACKGROUND Krokodil is an informal term for a cheap injectable illicit drug domestically prepared from codeine-containing medication (CCM). The method of krokodil preparation may produce desomorphine as well as toxic reactants that cause extensive tissue necrosis. The first confirmed report of

The harmful chemistry behind krokodil (desomorphine) synthesis and mechanisms of toxicity.

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"Krokodil" is the street name for the homemade injectable mixture that has been used as a cheap substitute for heroin. Its use begun in Russia and Ukraine and nowadays is being spread over several other countries. Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil

The treatment of paracetamol overdose with charcoal haemoperfusion and cysteamine.

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A 53-year-old female was admitted to hospital one hour after taking an overdose of 60 g of paracetamol and 960 mg of codeine. Two hours after ingestion of the drug, the plasma concentration of paracetamol was 3040 mumol/l. In view of the enormous, and potentially fatal, plasma concentration of the

[Novel potential uses of thalidomide in the management of pain? A review of the literature].

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Thalidomide was introduced as a sedative and antiemetic agent to the European market in the late 1950s. However, it soon became clear that a hitherto unheard-of incidence of severe birth defects was due to the maternal use of thalidomide and the drug was withdrawn from the market. Despite its

Clinical aspects of pharmacogenetics of pain and co-morbidities of emotional distress.

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The majority of patients treated for cancer will have pain at some point in their journey. It will be due to the disease (e.g. bone metastasis, fracture, organ invasion) or from iatrogenic causes (chemotherapy, surgery or radiation). A large number of patients will also have depression. Since pain

Induction of apoptosis by morphine in human tumor cell lines in vitro.

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Most previous studies of the induction of tumor cell apoptosis by morphine have been conducted with concentrations very much higher than those used clinically. An investigation of the ability of morphine to induce apoptosis at its clinical concentration (10(-8) M) was therefore undertaken.

[Pain crises in patients with sickle cell diseases. Pathogenesis, clinical aspects, therapy].

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About 70% of all patients with sickle cell disease suffer from pain crises. Pain crises are recurrent episodes of pain that range in severity from mild to severe, usually occur very abruptly and are often localized around joints. Pain crises are caused by vaso-occlusions in the vascular bed of the

Opiate-like substances in an invertebrate, an opiate receptor on invertebrate and human immunocytes, and a role in immunosuppression.

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The presence of morphine-like and codeine-like substances was demonstrated in the pedal ganglia, hemolymph, and mantle tissues of the mollusc Mytilus edulis. The pharmacological activities of the endogenous morphine-like material resemble those of authentic morphine. Both substances were found to

Desomorphine Screening Using Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays.

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Desomorphine ("Krokodil") is a semi-synthetic opioid that has drawn attention as a recreational drug, particularly in Russia, neighboring former Soviet Republics, Eastern and Central Europe. It has no accepted medicinal uses and is currently a schedule I drug in the United States. In clandestine

Induction of early apoptosis marker by morphine in human lung and breast carcinoma cell lines.

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We have investigated whether morphine and codeine, potent analgesic compounds most commonly used as cancer pain relievers, show tumor-specific cytotoxic activity and whether they can induce apoptosis or necrosis by monitoring the stainability with Annexin V and propidium iodide with

LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury

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The opioids are a large class of medications related in structure to the natural plant alkaloids found in opium that are derived from the resin of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. The natural alkaloids are also referred to as opiates and include morphine and codeine. Synthetic derivatives

Combination analgesic involvement in the pathogenesis of analgesic nephropathy: the European perspective.

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Analgesic nephropathy (AN) is a chronic renal disease characterized by renal papillary necrosis and interstitial nephritis caused by excessive consumption of analgesic mixtures. In a recent study, diagnostic criteria for AN, based on a computed tomography scan investigation without contrast, were

Letter: The clinical course of patients with analgesic nephropathy.

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Thirty-four patients with analgesic nephropathy were followed at intervals of 1 to 3 months with measurements of creatinine clearance and serum concentration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for a total of 105 patient-years. Diagnostic criteria included total consumption of at least 2 kg of phenacetin

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