Participants receive a fiber supplement daily and a fish oil supplement PO daily on days 1-30. Participants enter a washout period for at least 60 days and then crossover to Group II.

Participants receive a fiber supplement placebo daily and a fish oil supplement placebo daily on days 1-30. Participants enter a washout period for at least 60 days and then crossover to Group I.

Healthy Subject

Dietary Fiber

Fish Oil

Placebo

Given fish oil supplement placebo (corn oil)

Texas A&M

Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consortium

Fiber and Fish Oil Supplements for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Diet and the Colonic Exfoliome: A Novel, Non-Invasive Approach to Testing Interventions in Humans

Poly A+ RNA will be isolated from exfoliated cells in stool, and libraries generated from stool RNA will be sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid

Eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid
Eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid: 1395 mg EPA plus 1125 mg DHA daily for 24 weeks

rs174535 (GG), Fish Oil Supplements

rs174535 (GG), Placebo

rs174535 (GT), Fish Oil Supplements

rs174535 (GT), Placebo

rs174535 (TT), Fish Oil Supplement

rs174535 (TT), Placebo

Total

Sex: Female, Male

The primary outcome of interest is rectal epithelial cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67 (mib-1) labeling. Expression of Ki-67 in colon epithelial cells will be detected following the standard IHC protocol of EnVision™+ System, HRP (DAKO).

Rectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation

The primary outcome of interest is rectal epithelial cell apoptosis as measured by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling). The TUNEL assay is conducted to measure apoptosis of colon epithelium using DeadEnd Colorimetric TUNEL System (Promega). After all fields of each sample are measured, the final immunoreaction indices are generated automatically by setting algorithms as ''total positive area / total nuclear area. Apoptotic activity is also scored using standard morphologic criteria applied to H&E stained sections.

Rectal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

Expression of COX-2 in rectal epithelial cells will be detected following the standard IHC protocol of EnVision™+ System, HRP (DAKO).

Rectal Epithelial Cell COX-2 Expression

Expression of 15-PGDH in rectal epithelial cells will be detected following the standard IHC protocol of EnVision™+ System, HRP (DAKO).

Rectal Epithelial Cell 15-PGDH Expression

Lipids will be extracted using the method of Folch-Lees

Rectal Epithelial Cell Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content

liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric on rectal biopsy samples

Rectal Epithelial Cell Production of PGE2 and PGE3

C-reactive Protein

Adipokines

homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) HOMA-IR. Fasting insulin and glucose were be used to determine HOMA-IR: [fasting glucose (mmol/l) x fasting insulin (µU/ml)]/22.5]", Optimal insulin sensitivity: < 1, Early insulin resistance: > 1.9, Significant insulin resistance: > 2.9

colorectal neoplasms/maissi

Fiber and Fish Oil Supplements for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Fish Oil Supplementation, Nutrigenomics and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

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