The main entrée in the PLM arm will consist of a menu item in which 40% of the meat in the original recipe will be replaced with potatoes. The diet is designed to provide six or less ounces of meat/day which is consistent with the DASH diet.

The main entrée in the LMP arm will consist of a menu item in which 40% of the meat in the original recipe will be replaced with pulses. The diet is designed to provide six or less ounces of meat/day which is consistent with the DASH diet.

Insulin Resistance

Obesity

The main entrée in the PLM arm will consist of a menu item in which 40% of the meat in the original recipe will be replaced with potatoes.

Reduced Meat High Potato Diet

The main entrée in the LMP arm will consist of a menu item in which 40% of the meat in the original recipe will be replaced with pulses.

Reduced Meat High Pulses Diet

Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Potato Research for Enhancing Metabolic Outcomes

Meat and Potato Diet for Enhancing Cardiometabolic Health in Adults

change in blood glucose (mg/dL) concentration in response to a meal, from baseline to 8 weeks intervention.

change in blood insulin (uU/mL) concentration in response to a meal, from baseline to 8 weeks intervention.

change in blood cholesterol (mg/dL) concentration in response to a meal, from baseline to 8 weeks intervention.

change in blood triglyceride (mg/dL) concentration in response to a meal, from baseline to 8 weeks intervention.

change in LDL particle size (nm) in response to a meal, from baseline to 8 weeks intervention.

change in hsCRP (mg/L) in response to a meal, from baseline to 8 weeks intervention.

John Kirwan

Executive Director

Alliance for Potato Research and Education

Investigator and care providers will be blinded to randomization and treatment allocation.

Control (no additional potassium added to diet): Arm will consist of a 16 day balance period with a basal diet set at ~2340mg K/day; based on average American intake.

Potassium gluconate: Arm will consist of a 16 day balance period with the basal (control) diet plus the addition of 1000mg of K/day from potassium gluconate (12 tablets).

Potato diet: Arm will consist of a 16 day balance period with a basal (control) diet with an addition of 1000mg of K/day from white potatoes.

French fry diet: Arm will consist of a 16 day balance period with a basal (control) diet with an addition of 1000mg K/day from French fries.

Hypertensive Disease

Potassium control diet

Potassium gluconate diet

Potato Diet

French Fries Diet

Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University

Retention of Potassium From Potatoes and Potassium Gluconate, and the Effect on Blood Pressure.

The Effect of Potatoes on Potassium Retention, Acid Base Balance, and Blood Pressure

Systolic blood pressure measured directly three consecutive times after 15 min of supine rest.

Twenty four hour urine and feces will be collected on all intervention days of each phase. Urine will be analyzed for creatinine, K, Na, Ca, Mg according to the urine protocol. Some urine will be stored for future analysis and the rest discarded.

Following breakfast, which will include the respective source of potassium or control, pooled urine will be collected at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24.h. Blood will be drawn (5ml each draw) at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6 and 24 hours post breakfast meal. , A catheter will be inserted in the arm at baseline and will be kept there until the blood draw at 6 hours. A needle will be used for the sample at 24 hours. BP will be measured after 4, 6, and 24h.

Vascular flow rate measured via Laser Doppler Flowmetry from right forearm for 60 min from the supine position.

Central blood pressure will be measured by pulse wave analysis. Measurements will be repeated at least three times within a 20 minute period after the subject has rested for at least 10 minutes in a seated position. The staff member will place a tonometer (pressure sensor) on the wrist to detect the radial pulse waveform. Measurements will be taken over the course of 5-15 minutes or until pulse wave signal reaches data acquisition parameters.

Acid-base balance will be determined on two-end of phase 24 h urine collection to relate to urinary calcium and potassium excretion. Pre-prandial arterialized blood samples will be collected anaerobically using forearm venous blood from the heated hand (10) into a polypropylene syringe containing lyophilized lithium heparin. The blood samples will be stored at room temperature and analyzed within 1 h of collection. Renal acid-base balance will be measured using urinary Net Acid Excretion (NAE) and Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL).

Berdine Martin

Research Scientist

Purdue University

Participants will receive a controlled diet containing 2340 mg potassium.(K) During the 4 - 16 day phases they will receive an additional 0 mg K, 1000 mg K from potatoes, 1000 mg K from French Fries, and 1000 mg K from supplement in randomized order. Blood pressure will be measured every other day during the intervention. There will be a 2 week washout phase during each phase.

Dietary Intervention: Ad libitum intake of white rice

Dietary Intervention: Ad libitum intake of pasta

Dietary Intervention: Ad libitum intake of boiled and mashed potato

Dietary Intervention: Ad libitum intake of baked french fries

Dietary Intervention: Ad libitum intake of fried french fries

Diabetes

All arms are given to all participants, in a randomized (cross over) order

Rice treatment

Pasta treatment

Boiled and mashed potato treatment

Baked french fries treatment

Fried french fries treatment

Department of Nutritional Sciences, FitzGerald Building

The Effects of Carbohydrate Source on Food Intake, Blood Glucose and Gut Hormone Response in Healthy Children

The Effects of Potatoes and Other Carbohydrate Side Dishes Consumed With Meat on Food Intake, Glycaemia and Satiety Response in Children

Food intake (kCal) will be assessed 30 min after consumption of the ad libitum treatments of either rice, pasta, boiled and mashed potatoes, baked french fries or fried french fries.

Blood glucose (mmol/L) will be measured using finger prick capillary blood samples

Plasma Insulin hormone will be measured using intra-venous blood sample

Plasma GLP-1 hormone will be measured using intra-venous blood sample

Plasma ghrelin hormone will be measured using intra-venous blood sample

Plasma PYY hormone will be measured using intra-venous blood sample

Subjective appetite will be measured by using visual analouge scales

coronary artery disease/peruna

Potato Research for Enhancing Metabolic Outcomes

Retention of Potassium From Potatoes and Potassium Gluconate, and the Effect on Blood Pressure.

The Effects of Carbohydrate Source on Food Intake, Blood Glucose and Gut Hormone Response in Healthy Children

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