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Heparin disaccharides inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages and arrest immune inflammation in rodents.

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Inflammation is the clinical expression of chemical mediators such as the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-)-alpha produced by macrophages and other cells activated in the immune response. Hence, agents that can inhibit TNF-alpha may be useful in treating arthritis and other

A disaccharide that inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha is formed from the extracellular matrix by the enzyme heparanase.

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The activation of T cells by antigens or mitogens leads to the secretion of cytokines and enzymes that shape the inflammatory response. Among these molecular mediators of inflammation is a heparanase enzyme that degrades the heparan sulfate scaffold of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Activated T

Disaccharide esters screened for inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release are new anti-cancer agents.

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine playing a part in various pathological states. Non-toxic inhibitors of TNF-alpha release are thought to be promising agents for cancer prevention. We found that the acetone fraction of the tobacco leaf surface lipid containing

Tumour-necrosis factor-α induces heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase 1 (Sulf-1) expression in fibroblasts.

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Heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O-endosulfatases (Sulfs) have emerged recently as critical regulators of many physiological and pathological processes. By removing 6-O-sulfates from specific HS sequences, they modulate the activities of a variety of growth factors and morphogens, including fibroblast growth

Disaccharides generated from heparan sulphate or heparin modulate chemokine-induced T-cell adhesion to extracellular matrix.

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We have found previously that disaccharides (DS) enzymatically generated from heparin or heparan sulphate can modulate tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion from immune cells in vitro and cell-mediated immune reactions in vivo. Here, we show that such DS can modulate the adhesion and

Heparin-disaccharide affects T cells: inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, cell migration, and modulation of intracellular signaling.

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We previously reported that disaccharides (DS), generated by enzymatic degradation of heparin or heparan sulfate, inhibit T cell-mediated immune reactions in rodents and regulate cytokine [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-1beta] secretion by T cells, macrophages,

Disaccharides derived from heparin or heparan sulfate regulate IL-8 and IL-1 beta secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.

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OBJECTIVE Intestinal epithelial cells can produce cytokines and chemokines that play an important role in the mucosal immune response. Regulation of this secretion is important to prevent inflammatory tissue damage. Disaccharides derived from heparan sulfate and heparin have been shown to

A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols on the intestinal microbiome and inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

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No conclusive treatment is available for irritable bowel disease (IBD). Adherence to a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) might alleviate clinical symptoms of IBD. However, no study has investigated the effect of low FODMAPs

Disaccharide-Based Anionic Amphiphiles as Potent Inhibitors of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation.

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Despite significant advances made in the last decade in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of sepsis and in the development of clinically relevant therapies, sepsis remains the leading cause of mortality in intensive care units with increasing incidence worldwide. Toll-like receptor 4

Immunostimulatory, but not antiendotoxin, activity of lipid X is due to small amounts of contaminating N,O-acylated disaccharide-1-phosphate: in vitro and in vivo reevaluation of the biological activity of synthetic lipid X.

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Lipid X, a precursor in the biosynthesis of lipid A, has been claimed to possess most of the immunostimulatory activity but none of the toxicity of endotoxin. However, recent work shows that synthetic lipid X can be contaminated with small amounts of N,O-acylated disaccharide-1-phosphate (H.

Development of Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatosis through Combination of a Synthetic Diet Rich in Disaccharide and Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharides in the Livers of Zucker (fa/fa) Rats.

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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can develop into end-stage disease such as cryptogenic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, it is important to understand the pathogenesis of NASH. In general, the "two-hit theory" has prevailed as a pathogenic mechanism of NASH. According to this

A computational study of the oligosaccharide binding sites in the lectin-like domain of Tumor Necrosis Factor and the TNF-derived TIP peptide.

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The lectin-like domain of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), mimicked by the TIP peptide, activates amiloride-sensitive sodium uptake in type II alveolar epithelial cells and as such increases alveolar liquid clearance in dysfunctional lungs. This protective effect is blunted upon mutation of residues

Phase I trial of ImmTher, a new liposome-incorporated lipophilic disaccharide tripeptide.

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A phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the toxicology and biological activity of a new liposome-incorporated lipophilic disaccharide tripeptide, ImmTher. Twelve patients with advanced nonhematological malignant disease received 13 courses of therapy at dose levels of 200-1,200

Requirement of a properly acylated beta(1-6)-D-glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphate structure for efficient manifestation of full endotoxic and associated bioactivities of lipid A.

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Several synthetic acylated glucosamine monophosphates, with structures corresponding to the nonreducing or reducing moiety of the lipid A of the Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota type, and a synthetic compound corresponding to a biosynthetic disaccharide lipid A precursor (designated Ia or

ImmTher, a lipophilic disaccharide derivative of muramyl dipeptide, up-regulates specific monocyte cytokine genes and activates monocyte-mediated tumoricidal activity.

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ImmTher, a liposome-encapsulated lipophilic disaccharide tripeptide derivative of muramyl dipeptide, previously showed activity against liver and lung colorectal metastases in a phase I trial. The purpose of the current studies was to investigate whether ImmTher could up-regulate specific cytokine

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