Group A participants will wear the necklace with essential oil for the first 4 weeks except take a shower or get to sleep. The participants will stop wearing the necklace for one week (the fifth week) for washout period, and then wear the necklace without essential oil for last 4 weeks (the sixth to ninth weeks).

The group B will wear the necklace without essential oil for the first 4 weeks except take a shower or get to sleep. The participants will stop wearing the necklace for one week (the fifth week) for washout period, and then wear the necklace with essential oil for last 4 weeks (the sixth to ninth weeks).

Headache, Migraine

Quality of Life

Necklace with essential oil for the first 4 weeks

The necklaces do not contain essential oil.

Necklace without essential oil for the first 4 weeks

Washout (do not wear the necklace) for one week for two groups, then two groups cross-over.

Washout

Necklace with essential oil for last 4 weeks

Necklace without essential oil for last 4 weeks

Effects of Aromatherapy on the Headache and Service Quality Among Nurses Working in Critical Care Nurses Units.

Hao-Yuan Chang, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, National Taiwan University

The Headache Diary measured the participants to record the condition of headache with 12 items. The investigators will analyzed the intensity, frequency, duration, location, quality, symptoms, time and medicine use, and the duration (hours) of wearing the necklace with essential oil. At the meanwhile, we also collect the perceived busy level of the work day to control the association between the workload and headache. Thus, the participants have to write the diary everyday for 9 weeks and we will remind them by the text. The diary also mixes in the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) that was developed by Melzack in 1975 and revised in 1987 and it developed from the different type of headache depending on the pain intensity and quality (Melzack, 1975). The investigators simplified the contents and transfer to code so that the participants can easily fill out the diary every day.

The Headache Disability Inventory (HDI) measured the burden caused by chronic headaches with 27 items (French et al., 2000). Each item scored from 1 to 3 (1= always happened; 3 = never happened). The higher score indicated the higher impacts of headache on emotional function and daily life.

The Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQv2.1) measured the quality of life of migraine and headache patients, including the function, limitation, burden and impacts of the migraine with 14 items (Bagley et al., 2011). Each item was scored from 1 to 6 (1= always happened; 6 = never happened). The higher score indicated the higher impact of headache on quality of life. Cronbach's alphas are 0.79-0.85 (Bagley et al., 2011).

The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) measured occupational burnout with 21 items (Yah et al, 2008). The questionnaire is including subscales-personal burnout, work-related burnout, client-related burnout, and over-commitment to work. Each item scored from 1 to 5 (1= never happened, 5 = always happened). The higher scores indicated the stronger work burnout. Cronbach's alphas are 0.89-0.95 (Yang et al, 2014).

The Service Quality Scale (SERVQUAL) measured the care quality of nurses in the hospital, including the four domains: trustworthiness, responsiveness, promise and empathy with 28 Likert's scale items (Teng et al., 2007). Each item scored from 1 to 5 (1= strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). The higher score indicated the higher confidence on their care quality.

The Intention to Leave Inventory (ITL) measured the intention to leave the organization and their future career plan with 7 Likert's scale items (Teng, Shyu, & Chang, 2007). Each item scored from 1 to 7 (1= strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree). The higher score indicated the higher strongly intention to leave the organization.

The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) measured the level of depression, anxiety and stress during the past week recently by 21 items (Moussa, 2001). Each item scored from 1 to 4 (1= strongly disagree; 4 = strongly agree). The higher score indicated more frequency of feeling depression, anxiety and stress (Lovibond & Lovibond, 2004). Cronbach's alphas were 0.87-0.94 (Black et al., 2015).

The Demographic Questionnaire included the birth date, sex, marital status, amenorrhea, education, unit, working years and rank. Although the necklace's colors are distributed randomly, considering the color may also affect the participants 'mood or the condition of headache, therefore, The investigators also survey the subject's preference of color to control the potential effect. The Headache Information Questionnaire was modified from the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD, 3rd edition) to identify the headache type as "migraine" or "tension-type headache. Items included pain intensity, frequency, onset of the times, symptoms, locations, etc.

The tasks undone-13 measured the missed care with 13 items (Aiken et al; Ball et al., 2013; Schubert, 2007). Each item scored from 0 to 1 (0 = left done, 1 = done and NA= not applicable) The higher score indicated the volume of care left done. Cronbach's alpha = 0.73 (Lucero et al., 2009) and content validity index is 0.70-0.91 (Squires et al., 2013)。

National Taiwan University Hospital

No intervention patient will receive current standard of care treatment and will answer surveys to collect data.

Patient will receive lavender essential oil topically and by inhalation during their hospital stay while at the same time receiving regular standard of care.

Pain, Postoperative

Lavender essential oil will be applied topically and by inhalation to the lavender group.

Lavender Essential Oil

Duke University Medical Center

Effects of Lavender Oil on Postoperative Pain, Sleep Quality and Mood

assess pain through pain scores documented in medical record compared to control group

assess pain through documentation of total narcotic use compared to the control group

assess pain through daily pain satisfaction survey score compared to control group

assess sleep quality by Richards Campbell sleep questionnaire survey

assess anxiety by hospital anxiety depression scale survey

Scott Hollenbeck, MD

Surgeon

dōTERRA International

Randomized study with control group and test group. Using a 1:1 treatment allocation ratio, the total of 60 patients (30 per arm) will be randomly assigned to control or treatment arm. The Statistical Investigator will generate the randomization scheme and monitor the randomization process over the course of the trial. The study will use randomization with random permuted blocks. The test group will receive 50% lavender oil diluted in fractionated coconut oil and the control group will have the current standard of care with no essential oil intervention. Fractionated coconut oil is being used because it is colorless, odorless, does not stain clothing, and has a long shelf life. It also serves as a carrier oil for the essential oil to absorb into the skin instead of evaporating off the skin due to essential oils volatile nature.

this group will receive ginger drink made by dissolving 4g ginger powder in plain water once a day for continuous 5 days.

this group will receive ginger drink made by dissolving 4g ginger powder in plain water twice a day for continuous 5 days.

Platelets Dysfunction

Hematological Diseases

Ginger drink

King Abdulaziz Medical City - National Guard Hospital

Daily Ginger Drinking and Platelet Function

The Effect of Daily Ginger Drinking on Platelet's Function in the Saudi Population

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center

10 minute foot bath with addition of jojoba only

10 minute foot bath with addition of jojoba with added Mentha piperita

Chronic Headache

Migraine Headache

Headache

aromatherapy

foot bath

developing and delivering research-based, practical, and reliable tools and technologies

Aromatherapy and Essential Oils (PDQ). National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health

Peppermint oil (Mentha x piperita L.). Natural Standard Database Web site.

Children's Mercy Hospital

A Preliminary Investigation of the Efficacy of Aromatherapy in Reducing Discomfort in Youth With Chronic Headache

pain and anxiety measured subjectively via VAS

heart rate variability measured -10, 10 and 20 minutes

assessment of presence or absence of Adverse Events or Serious Adverse Events

Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City

Migraine Disorders

1-2 drops per kilogram per day, PO, twice a day

essential oil/päänsärky

Effects of Aromatherapy on the Headache and Service Quality Among Nurses Working in Critical Care Nurses Units.

Effects of Lavender Oil on Postoperative Pain, Sleep Quality and Mood

Daily Ginger Drinking and Platelet Function

A Preliminary Investigation of the Efficacy of Aromatherapy in Reducing Discomfort in Youth With Chronic Headache

Lippia Alba for Migraine Prophylaxis and Treatment

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