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There are two procedures by which new antibacterial agents may be granted marketing authorisation in the EU. The Centralised Procedure involves a single application through the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA). If a positive opinion is advised by the Committee on
BACKGROUND
Point-prevalence surveys have been used to document antimicrobial use in hospitals for >20 years. However, published surveys are inconsistent with respect to population, indication, and the details of therapy that were included. We aimed to standardize a method for surveillance of
In the area of hand hygiene, European Norms exist, or are under development, with regard to protective gloves and for assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of hand disinfectants. Important norms for gloves are EN 420 (General requirements), EN 374 (Protective gloves against chemicals and
BACKGROUND
Antibacterial resistant infections are rising continuously, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. With no new antibiotic classes entering the market and the possibility of returning to the pre-antibiotic era, the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance
Meropenem is a new DHP-I stable carbapenem with a very promising microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical profile. The antibacterial activity of this new agent has been assessed in vitro against 8741 aerobic and 854 anaerobic strains reflecting current incidence and epidemiology in Italy,
Owing to increasing resistance and the limited arsenal of new antibiotics, especially against Gram-negative pathogens, carefully designed antibiotic regimens are obligatory for febrile neutropenic patients, along with effective infection control. The Expert Group of the 4(th) European Conference on
In view of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance worldwide and decreased research and development of new antibacterial compounds, programmes helping to better understand the complex relationship between antibiotic consumption and emergence of resistance have gained importance. Consequently, in
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It puts an enormous burden on medical and economic resources, particularly if hospitalization is required. Initial antibacterial therapy for CAP is usually empirical, as culture and
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to develop and test standardized methods for collection and statistical analysis of longitudinal data on hospital antibacterial use from different countries.
METHODS
We collected data on monthly supply of antibiotics from pharmacies in one hospital from each of 18
OBJECTIVE
To compare the sales of veterinary antibacterial agents between 10 European countries.
METHODS
Data were compiled from published reports from the 10 countries. We express the usage as amounts sold of veterinary antibacterial agents per country and year, in mg active substances per kg
We present here the isolation and characterization of four antimicrobial peptides produced by a European bumblebee Bombus pascuorum. A 51-residue insect defensin was characterized which, like the Apis mellifera defensins, had a highly conserved 12-residue extension to its C-terminal compared to
Recent studies have shown large differences in the use of antibacterial agents among European countries. We found a relationship between community consumption and the number of trade names of oral antibacterial agents. This relationship was observed in countries in which consumption was high, as
The objective of this study was to screen extracts of twenty Eastern European medicinal plants, using wild-type and reporter Chromobacterium violaceum bioassays, for novel components that target bacterial cells and their quorum sensing (QS) communication systems. Three types of activity and their
Antimicrobial resistance is universally recognized as a major problem. A European resistance survey was established to monitor the activity of widely used oral antibiotics against common respiratory tract pathogens. Studies were conducted in Italy, Spain and Austria to monitor resistance patterns