proteinase inhibitor/lituruohot

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Characterization of a novel Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Many different types of serine proteinase inhibitors have been involved in several kinds of plant physiological processes, including defense mechanisms against phytopathogens. Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors, which are included in the serine proteinase inhibitor family, are present in

Enhanced transgenic plant resistance to nematodes by dual proteinase inhibitor constructs.

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Plant defence strategies usually involve the action of several gene products. Transgenic resistance strategies are likely to have enhanced efficacy when they involve more than one transgene. Here we explore possible mechanisms for the co-delivery of multiple effectors via a single transgene. As an

Two cysteine proteinase inhibitors from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtCYSa and AtCYSb, increasing the salt, drought, oxidation and cold tolerance.

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Two cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins) from Arabidopsis thaliana, designated AtCYSa and AtCYSb, were characterized. Recombinant GST-AtCYSa and GST-AtCYSb were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. They inhibit the catalytic activity of papain, which is generally taken as evidence for

Arabidopsis cysteine proteinase inhibitor AtCYSb interacts with a Ca(2+)-dependent nuclease, AtCaN2.

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Plant cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins) play important roles in plant defense mechanisms. Some proteins that interact with cystatins may defend against abiotic stresses. Here, we showed that AtCaN2, a Ca(2+)-dependent nuclease in Arabidopsis, is transcribed in senescent leaves and stems and

Expression of the Arabidopsis abi1-1 mutant allele inhibits proteinase inhibitor wound-induction in tomato.

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential component in the wound signalling cascade. Increased levels of endogenous ABA were observed after wounding and shown to be a requisite for wound-induced expression of the proteinase inhibitor II genes. We have taken advantage of the dominant character of the

A barley cysteine-proteinase inhibitor reduces the performance of two aphid species in artificial diets and transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

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Cystatins from plants have been implicated in plant defense towards insects, based on their role as inhibitors of heterologous cysteine-proteinases. We have previously characterized thirteen genes encoding cystatins (HvCPI-1 to HvCPI-13) from barley (Hordeum vulgare), but only HvCPI-1 C68 → G, a

Resistance to both cyst and root-knot nematodes conferred by transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin.

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Plant nematodes are major pests of agriculture. Transgenic plant technology has been developed based on the use of proteinase inhibitors as nematode anti-feedants. The approach offers prospects for novel plant resistance and reduced use of environmentally damaging nematicides. A modified rice

Regulation of seed germination and seedling growth by an Arabidopsis phytocystatin isoform, AtCYS6.

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Phytocystatins are cysteine proteinase inhibitors in plants that are implicated in the endogenous regulation of protein turnover and defense mechanisms against insects and pathogens. A cDNA encoding a phytocystatin called AtCYS6 (Arabidopsis thaliana phytocystatin6) has been isolated. We show that

Transgenic Arabidopsis leaf tissue expressing a modified oryzacystatin shows resistance to the field slug Deroceras reticulatum (Müller).

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Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana has been developed which expresses the oryzacystatin mutant OC-I delta 86, which is an inhibitor of the major proteinase present in the digestive gland of the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. When fed on leaf tissue from plants expressing this inhibitor the growth of

Insect oral secretions suppress wound-induced responses in Arabidopsis.

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The induction of plant defences and their subsequent suppression by insects is thought to be an important factor in the evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores. Although insect oral secretions (OS) contain elicitors that trigger plant immunity, little is known about the suppressors of

Characterization of five new low-molecular-mass trypsin inhibitors from white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed.

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Five new low-molecular-mass trypsin inhibitors belonging to the RTI/MTI-2 family were identified from white mustard (Sinapis alba L. ; MTI-2) seed. Purified MTI-2 consisted of a peptide mixture, displaying Ile or Arg at position 43, Trp or kynurenine (Kyn) at position 44, and C-terminal ragged ends.

Diverting the flux of the JA pathway in Nicotiana attenuata compromises the plant's defense metabolism and fitness in nature and glasshouse.

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A plant's inducible defenses against herbivores as well as certain developmental processes are known to be controlled by the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. We have previously shown that ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana JA O-methyltransferase in Nicotiana attenuata (35S-jmt) strongly reduces

The novel and taxonomically restricted Ah24 gene from grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) has a dual role in development and defense.

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Grain amaranths tolerate stress and produce highly nutritious seeds. We have identified several (a)biotic stress-responsive genes of unknown function in Amaranthus hypochondriacus, including the so-called Ah24 gene. Ah24 was expressed in young or developing tissues; it was also strongly induced by

NMR solution structure of ATTp, an Arabidopsis thaliana trypsin inhibitor.

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The three-dimensional structure of the precursor form of the Arabidopsis thaliana trypsin inhibitor (ATT(p), GenBank entry Z46816), a 68-residue (approximately 7.5 kDa) rapeseed class proteinase inhibitor, has been determined in solution at pH 5.0 and 25 degrees C by multinuclear magnetic resonance

Genome-wide association analysis reveals distinct genetic architectures for single and combined stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Plants are commonly exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses. We used 350 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown under controlled conditions. We employed genome-wide association analysis to investigate the genetic architecture and underlying loci involved in genetic variation in resistance to: two

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