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Citrus aurantium and synephrine alkaloids in the treatment of overweight and obesity: an update.

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Obesity is a major health problem facing the developed and developing world. Efforts by individuals, health professionals, educators, and policy makers to combat the escalating trend of growing obesity prevalence have been multifaceted and mixed in outcome. Various dietary supplements have been

A review of the human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine.

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This review summarizes the published as well as unpublished human studies involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine, providing information and an assessment of the safety and efficacy of these widely used products. The results of over 20 studies

Citrus aurantium and Rhodiola rosea in combination reduce visceral white adipose tissue and increase hypothalamic norepinephrine in a rat model of diet-induced obesity.

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Extracts from the immature fruit of Citrus aurantium are often used for weight loss but are reported to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. Root extracts of Rhodiola rosea have notable antistress properties. The hypothesis of these studies was that C aurantium (6% synephrine) and R rosea (3%

Sensitive determination of synephrine by flow-injection chemiluminescence.

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It was found that light emission produced by the oxidation of luminol by potassium ferricyanide in basic medium was enhanced by synephrine, an anti-obesity drug. The optimum conditions for this chemiluminescent reaction were studied in detail in a flow injection system and employed in a new, simple

Isopropylnorsynephrine is a stronger lipolytic agent in human adipocytes than synephrine and other amines present in Citrus aurantium.

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The weight loss observed in consumers of extracts of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) has been tentatively attributed to the lipolytic and thermogenic effects of the alkaloids abundant in the unripe fruit. Synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, and other alkaloids have been repeatedly identified and

PCR amplification and cloning of tyrosine decarboxylase involved in synephrine biosynthesis in Citrus.

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BACKGROUND The phenolic amine synephrine is a vascoconstrictor and bronchiectatic agent and holds promise as an aid to weight management and obesity reduction. Synephrine is structurally similar to the active ingredients of several commercial cold remedies. Some Citrus contain high concentrations of

Moderate weight-lowering effect of octopamine treatment in obese Zucker rats.

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Octopamine is proposed as a substitution product of synephrine by diverse drug industries that advertise new weight-lowering products or medicinal plants enriched in this biogenic amine. We have already reported that octopamine is able to activate in vitro lipolysis in rat adipocytes via

Interaction of p-synephrine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of gliclazide in animal models.

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BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is frequently seen in patients suffering from obesity. p-synephrine and gliclazide are widely used medicines for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, respectively. OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to determine the potential for interactions between p-synephrine

Ventricular fibrillation associated with use of synephrine containing dietary supplement.

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As the prevalence of obesity increases in the United States, military personnel are turning to unregulated dietary supplements to aid in weight loss. Some of these supplements may cause more harm than benefit. We report the case of a 27-year-old active duty female who experienced an episode of

Metabolic and physiological effects of ingesting extracts of bitter orange, green tea and guarana at rest and during treadmill walking in overweight males.

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OBJECTIVE This study examined the acute effects of ingesting a widely used commercial formula containing extracts of bitter orange, green tea and guarana (Gx) on the metabolic rate and substrate utilisation in overweight, adult males at rest (study 1) and during treadmill walking (study

Induction of beige adipocytes by naturally occurring β3-adrenoceptor agonist p-synephrine.

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The prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases is increasing worldwide, and the therapeutic potential of increasing energy expenditure through differentiation or activation of beige adipocytes has attracted much interest. Therefore, we explored naturally occurring compounds that induce beige

Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone.

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Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The structure of RK is similar to the structures of capsaicin and synephrine, compounds known to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism. The present study was

Subchronic toxicity of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) extract and p-synephrine in mice.

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Extracts of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) unripe fruits have gained popularity for the treatment of obesity. Due to the wide use of C. aurantium/p-synephrine-containing products, this research was undertaken to evaluate its subchronic toxicity in mice and their actions in oxidative stress

Detection of hazardous weight-loss substances in adulterated slimming formulations using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array detection.

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The presence on the market of illegal products for slimming purposes or the treatment of overweight is a public health issue. These products may contain illicit chemicals in order to improve their effectiveness. Some of these weight-loss compounds are responsible for adverse events, including fatal

Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the analysis of phenethylamine [corrected] alkaloids in Citrus aurantium.

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Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) is a plant belonging to the family Rutaceae, whose fruit extracts have been used recently for the treatment of obesity. The most important biologically active constituents of the C. aurantium fruits are phenethylamine alkaloids (i.e. octopamine, synephrine, tyramine,

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