[The C3-aldehydes and disorder of cellular metabolism: possible modes of normalization of carbohydrate metabolism].

The control of cellular metabolism is present in many organs and tissues and its loss means development of hypo- and hyperglycemia. The high level of glucose results in glycation of proteins and increase of concentration of ketoaldehyde and methyl glyoxal in cells. The increase of level of this ketoaldehyde and D-lactate in organs and tissues also can be a result offormation of methyl glyoxal in particular enzymatic reactions including decomposition of one of substrates of glycolysis and conversion of aminoacetone catalyzed by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxydase of endothelium cells. The methyl glyoxal attacks arginine residuals of proteins. This aldehyde is related to interruption in transmission of insulin signal, disorder of pro-antioxidant balance, inhibition of enzymes of glycolysis, etc. The model of cellular metabolism is proposed where methyl glyoxal plays a key role in development of resistance to insulin, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and hypertension. The modes of increase of consumption of glucose in conditions of low activity of protein tyrosine kinase are considered. The possible involvement of tokopherol (its derivatives) in activation ofphosphodiesterase in liver and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is considered too. The role of tokopherol-carrier proteins and effect of tokopherol on functioning of OI-cells is discussed. It is still unclear if there is a direct relationship between low level of tokopherol-carrier proteins and diabetes or hypertension. Howeve, low level of tokopherol-carrier proteins results in "prolonged oxidative stress".