A new steroidal glycoside from the fruits of Solanum myriacanthum

A new cholestane-type steroidal glycoside, solamyriaside A (1), was isolated from the fruits of Solanum myriacanthum Dunal (Solanaceae), along with two known steroidal glycosides, namely, solaviaside A (2) and aculeatiside A (3), and three known steroidal alkaloid glycosides, namely, solamargine (4), khasianine (5) and solasonine (6), which were isolated for the first time from this plant. Based on spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence, 1 was determined to be 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22R,25R-cholest-5-ene-3β,16α,22,26-tetraol 26-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The cytotoxic activity of 1-6 against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells was examined. Compounds 4-6 showed cytotoxic activity. Among them, 4 exhibited the strongest activity with an IC₅₀ value of 4.64 ± 0.17 μM, similar to the activity of cisplatin, a positive control.

Keywords: Solanaceae; Solanum myriacanthum; cholestane-type steroidal glycoside; cytotoxic activity.