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Is exposure to tobacco associated with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma epidemics? A retrospective proportional mortality study in China.

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Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) has become one of the most rapidly increasing malignancies in China during recent decades. The relationship between tobacco exposure and ECC epidemics is unclear; this study aimed to explore this relationship.We

Nicotine Promotes Cholangiocarcinoma Growth in Xenograft Mice.

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Nicotine, the main addictive substance in tobacco, is known to play a role in the development and/or progression of a number of malignant tumors. However, nicotine's involvement in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is controversial. Therefore, we studied the effects of nicotine on the growth of

Tobacco, alcohol use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project.

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BACKGROUND While tobacco and alcohol are established risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, it is unknown whether they also increase the risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Thus, we examined the association between tobacco and

Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in a low risk Caucasian population.

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OBJECTIVE Little is known about the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma, apart from its association with liver fluke infestation. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Athens and included six cholangiocarcinoma cases, 333 hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 360 controls with minor ailments or

Extrahepatic bile duct cancer and smoking, beverage consumption, past medical history, and oral-contraceptive use.

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Information on potential causal factors in 67 patients with histologically confirmed cancer of the extrahepatic bile ducts was compared with that from 273 patients with other cancers. The control group did not include subjects with tobacco- or alcohol-related cancers. The study subjects were

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: rising frequency, improved survival, and determinants of outcome after resection.

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BACKGROUND Despite data suggesting a rising worldwide incidence, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) remains an uncommon disease. This study analyzes changes in IHC frequency, demographics, and treatment outcome in a consecutive and single institutional cohort. METHODS Consecutive patients with

Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma.

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Cholangiocarcinoma occurs with a varying frequency in different areas of the world. Some of the variations in incidence rates can be explained by the distribution of risk factors in different geographic regions and ethnic groups. Several accepted risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma include

Clinical presentation, risk factors and staging systems of cholangiocarcinoma.

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver tumour. Intra-hepatic CCA develops within the liver parenchyma while extrahepatic CCA involves the biliary tree within the hepatoduodenal ligament. Hilar CCA are also called Klatskin tumour. The CCA incidence has increased worldwide

Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are the most frequently occurring types of primary liver cancer and together are among the most common incident cancers worldwide. There are a number of modifiable and nonmodifiable HCC and ICC risk factors that have been

Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand.

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In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aero-digestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of

Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma.

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy after hepatocellular cancer. CC accounts for approximately 10%-25% of all hepatobiliary malignancies. There are considerable geographic and demographic variations in the incidence of CC. There are several established risk

Epidemiology and risk factors: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare entity with a distinct clinical course and epidemiology from hilar and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. ICC makes up 8-10% of cholangiocarcinomas and 10-20% of all primary liver tumors. There remains a considerable amount of geographic variation in the

Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma.

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Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from a number of cells of origin along the biliary tree. Although most cases in Western countries are sporadic, large population-based studies have identified a number of risk factors. This review summarises the

Risk factors for extrahepatic bile duct cancers: Los Angeles County, California (USA).

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Extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) cancers are rare and their risk factors are poorly understood. Except for a history of gallbladder diseases, evidence for other potential risk factors, such as excess body weight and use of tobacco and alcohol, is scant. A case-control study was conducted to examine risk

[Environmental carcinogenic agents and cancer prevention: risk assessment and management].

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Many agents in our environment have been established as being carcinogenic, and in most cases, the carcinogenic properties of these agents were identified because of high-dose occupational or accidental exposure. Risk characterization, taking into account the dose-response relationship, and exposure

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