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cytosine/inflammation
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Epithelial uptake of [18F]1-(2'-deoxy-2'-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine indicates intestinal inflammation in mice.
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OBJECTIVE
Uptake of [18F]1-(2'-deoxy-2'-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (D-FAC) is a trait of activated lymphocytes; its biodistribution predominates in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. In addition, D-FAC is taken up at high levels by the intestine. We analyzed the regional specificity of uptake and
Inflammation-mediated cytosine damage: a mechanistic link between inflammation and the epigenetic alterations in human cancers.
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Aberrant methylation patterns have long been known to exist in the promoter regions of key regulatory genes in the DNA of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms by which these methylation patterns become altered during the transformation of normal cells to tumor cells have remained elusive. We have
Regulation of macrophage dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate metabolism by inflammatory cytokines.
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Metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) occurs within specific anatomical compartments in vivo through the actions of the enzyme DHEAS sulfatase. This enzymatic activity facilitates the conversion of hydrophilic DHEAS to the hydrophobic species DHEA,
Adult autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of suspected non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the canine central nervous system: safety, feasibility and preliminary clinical findings.
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BACKGROUND
Non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the canine central nervous system (CNS) are common idiopathic disorders grouped under the term meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO). Ante mortem diagnosis is achieved via assessment of clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
Analysis of mutations in TP53, APC, K-ras, and DCC genes in the non-dysplastic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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OBJECTIVE
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have a high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). To understand the molecular basis of colitis-associated CRC, we analyzed alterations in TP53, APC, K-ras, and DCC genes in the non-dysplastic UC and CD colon.
METHODS
Endoscopic
Microglia in Glia-Neuron Co-cultures Exhibit Robust Phagocytic Activity Without Concomitant Inflammation or Cytotoxicity.
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A simple method to co-culture granule neurons and glia from a single brain region is described, and microglia activation profiles are assessed in response to naturally occurring neuronal apoptosis, excitotoxin-induced neuronal death, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) addition. Using neonatal rat
Characterisation of the differential response of normal and CML haemopoietic progenitor cells to macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha.
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The clonogenic cells of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), unlike normal haemopoietic colony forming cells (CFC), are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of the chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha). Here, we tested the hypothesis that MIP-1alpha protects normal, but
Longitudinal Changes to Tight Junction Expression and Endothelial Cell Integrity in a Mouse Model of Sterile Corneal Inflammation.
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We previously reported that applying toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to an injured cornea induces corneal edema at 24 hours, which subsides by 1 week. We tested the hypotheses that endothelial expression of the tight-junction protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), would be altered during experimental
Global modulation in DNA epigenetics during pro-inflammatory macrophage activation.
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DNA methylation patterns create distinct gene-expression profiles. These patterns are maintained after cell division, thus enabling the differentiation and maintenance of multiple cell types from the same genome sequence. The advantage of this mechanism for transcriptional control is that
Gadd45b is an epigenetic regulator of juvenile social behavior and alters local pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the rodent amygdala.
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Precise regulation of the epigenome during perinatal development is critical to the formation of species-typical behavior later in life. Recent data suggests that Gadd45b facilitates active DNA demethylation by recruiting proteins involved in base excision repair (BER), which will catalyze
Immunomodulatory effect of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG)-oligonucleotides in nonasthmatic chronic rhinosinusitis: an explant model.
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BACKGROUND
The use of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) or immunostimulatory sequences (ISSs) in the treatment of airway diseases is gaining interest. Binding of the CpG-ODN ligand to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) triggers a shift from a Th2- to a Th1-type response in the
Prophylactic treatment for cytosine arabinoside-induced keratoconjunctivitis.
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High-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is known to cause keratoconjunctivitis in a large proportion of patients. Topical steroids are a popular choice of prophylactic treatment. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the type, dose, frequency and duration of drops used in all centres (n = 117)
Association of thrombomodulin Ala455Val dimorphism and inflammatory cytokines with carotid atherosclerosis in the Chinese Han population.
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METHODS
It has been reported that C/T dimorphism at position 1418 of the thrombomodulin gene causes a cytosine (C) transition to thymidine (T), resulting in an alanine (A) to valine (V) substitution at amino acid position 455 (TM455). TM455 had been found not only in African American and American
Epigenetics and the developmental origins of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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The gut microbiota, the intestinal mucosa and the host immune system are among the large biological networks involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Host genetics and environmental factors can significantly
Enhanced Immunostimulatory Activity of Cytosine-Phosphate-Guanosine Immunomodulator by the Assembly of Polymer DNA Wires and Spheres.
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Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides are immunostimulatory nucleic acids wildly utilized as adjuvants or for vaccines to treat diseases. However, there is a lack of simple and efficient vectors for CpG oligodeoxynucleotide delivery with long-lasting immune
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