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Developmental toxicity and inhibition of the fungicide hymexazol to melanin biosynthesis in zebrafish embryos.
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Hymexazol is an efficacious and widely used fungicide. However, its environmental toxicological assessment has not been well documented. It had no report of its toxicity to fish embryo. Fish embryo acute toxicity tests are highly predictive of aquatic embryotoxicity outcome. In this study, zebrafish
Assessing the Toxicity of the Benzamide Fungicide Zoxamide in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio): Towards an Adverse Outcome Pathway for Beta-Tubulin Inhibitors
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Commercial benzamide fungicides are applied to crops to control damage caused by oomycete fungi and are used as veterinary pharmaceuticals in aquaculture. The mechanism of action of these fungicides is to induce mitotic arrest via binding to beta-tubulin, thus inhibiting tubulin polymerization.
Investigation into the sub-lethal effects of the triazole fungicide triticonazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae.
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Global use of azole fungicides is expected to increase over the next several years. Triticonazole is a triazole fungicide that is used for turf protection, residential, and other commercial applications. As such, it can enter local rural and urban water systems via run-off and rain events. Early
[Teratogenic effect of the fungicide calixin].
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Experimental studies on Wistar rats revealed that the fungicide calixin (N-tridecyl-2.6-dimethylmorpholine) has a teratogenic effect. This effect manifested in edemas, hemorrhages, hematomas, abnormal development of the brain (hydrocephalia), visceral cranium (micrognathia, cleft palate) and
Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum.
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Sublethal toxicity of the formulated fungicide Maxim(®) XL on embryonic, larval and juvenile development of Rhinella arenarum was evaluated by means of standardized bioassays. Maxim(®) XL, one of the most used fungicides in Argentina, is based on a mixture of two active ingredients: Fludioxonil and
Developmental Toxicity Assessment of a Chlorothalonil-Based Fungicide in a Native Amphibian Species.
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The toxicity of a commercial formulation of the fungicide chlorothalonil in sensitive stages of the native amphibian Rhinella arenarum (Ra) was assessed by means continuous treatments from embryo and larval development and 24-h pulse exposures evaluating acute and chronic lethal and sublethal
Developmental toxicity of the triazole fungicide cyproconazole in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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Cyproconazole is a triazole fungicide used to protect a diverse range of fruits, vegetables, and grain crops. As such, it has the potential to enter aquatic environments and affect non-target organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of the triazole fungicide
Effects of long-term exposure to two fungicides, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole, on survival and life history traits of Italian tree frog (Hyla intermedia).
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Over the last few years, the hazards associated with the extensive use of fungicides have become an issue of great concern but, at present, the effects of these substances on amphibians remain poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of two commonly used fungicides,
Sub-lethal effects of the triazole fungicide propiconazole on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development, oxidative respiration, and larval locomotor activity.
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Propiconazole is a triazole fungicide used in agriculture. Via run-off, it can enter the aquatic environment, and can adversely affect organisms. However, data are scarce on how propiconazole may affect early developmental life stages of fish. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the
Penconazole alters redox status, cholinergic function, and membrane-bound ATPases in the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult rats.
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Pesticides exposure causes usually harmful effects to the environment and human health. The present study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of penconazole, a triazole fungicide, on the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult rats. Penconazole was administered intraperitoneally to male Wistar
[Recent progress in the study of analytical methods, toxicity, metabolism and health effects of organotin compounds].
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Over the years, a variety of uses has been found of organic tin compounds as fungicides, as stabilizers in plastics and for other industrial uses. The purpose of this article is to summarize and review the results so far obtained as to the analytical method for organotins in biological samples, the
Acute exposure of zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) to flutolanil reveals its developmental mechanism of toxicity via disrupting the thyroid system and metabolism.
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Flutolanil, an amide fungicide, had been detected frequently in aquatic environments; it is thus potentially a great risk to aquatic organisms and human health. Therefore, we investigated the developmental toxicity and the potential mechanism of thyroid endocrine disruption induced by flutolanil
Prochloraz effects on biomarkers activity in zebrafish early life stages and adults.
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Zebrafish early life stages (ELS) assays have been increasingly used to assess the toxicity of chemicals and waste waters, showing a great potential due to the wide variety of endpoints that can be incorporated in the test. Moreover, zebrafish ELS test have been proposed, mainly for ethical reasons,
Fenbuconazole exposure impacts the development of zebrafish embryos.
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Fenbuconazole (FBZ), a triazole-containing fungicide, is widely used in agriculture and horticulture. In the present study, the development and cardiac functioning were observed and determined in zebrafish embryos exposed to FBZ at 5, 50 and 500 ng/L nominal concentrations for 72 h. The results
Penconazole alters redox status, cholinergic function and lung's histoarchitecture of adult rats: Reversal effect of vitamin E.
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The present study pertains to the possible adverse effects of penconazole exposure on the lung of adult rats, and to the potential ability of vitamin E (Vit E) in mitigating the toxicity induced by this fungicide. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each: Group I
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