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The -308G/A of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and 825C/T of Guanidine Nucleotide Binding Protein 3 (GNB3) are associated with the onset of acute myocardial infarction and obesity in Taiwan.
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Acute myocardial infarction is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disease in Taiwan. Among several etiological risk factors, obesity and inflammation are strongly associated with the frequency of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. To discriminate obesity- and
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel urea- and guanidine-based derivatives for the treatment of obesity-related hepatic steatosis.
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Leptin, the product of the obese gene, is an adipocyte-secreted protein hormone playing a key role in the progression of obesity and hepatic steatosis. In this study, 28 novel (thio)urea and guanidine-based analogues have been synthesized and
A guanidine-rich regulatory oligodeoxynucleotide improves type-2 diabetes in obese mice by blocking T-cell differentiation.
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T lymphocytes exhibit pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities in obesity and diabetes, depending on their subtypes. Guanidine-rich immunosuppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) effectively control Th1/Th2-cell counterbalance. This study reveals a non-toxic regulatory ODN (ODNR01) that
Diabetogenic activity of native and biosynthetic human growth hormone in obese (ob/ob) mouse.
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It has been repeatedly suggested that diabetogenic activity is not an intrinsic property of native pituitary growth hormone (GH) and that the diabetogenic effects produced by GH preparations are due to low-molecular-weight contaminants or degradation products of the hormone. This possibility was
Functionalized 6-(piperidin-1-yl)-8,9-diphenyl purines as inverse agonists of the CB1 receptor - SAR efforts towards selectivity and peripheralization.
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Antagonists of type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) may be useful in treating diabetes, hepatic disorders, and fibrosis. Otenabant (1) is a potent and selective CB1 inverse agonist that was under investigation as an anti-obesity agent, but its development was halted once adverse effects associated
Production and characterization of bioactive recombinant resistin in Escherichia coli.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by peripheral target tissue resistance to insulin, is epidemic in industrialized countries and is strongly associated with obesity. The protein hormone, resistin, secreted specifically by the adipose tissues, is found to antagonize insulin action upon glucose uptake
Methylamine: a new endogenous modulator of neuron firing?
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Increasing evidence suggests that not only ammonia, but also its alkyl-derivatives, including methylamine, may modulate neuron firing. Methylamine occurs endogenously from amine catabolism and its tissue levels increase in some pathological conditions, including diabetes. Interestingly, methylamine
[Structure and properties of proprotein convertase inhibitors].
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This review is devoted to structure and properties of proprotein convertases (PCs), the intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent serine endoproteases of mammalia, that play the essential role in the processing of inactive protein precursors and their transforming into bioactive mature products. PCs are also
Obstructive sleep apnea presenting as pseudopheochromocytoma.
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A 52-year-old female with a history of poorly controlled resistant hypertension was admitted to our hospital with severe hypertension. She had a history of fatigue and intermittent episodes of palpitations. Laboratory evaluation was significant for elevated 24-h urinary catecholamine levels (3,5
Benzylguanidines and other galegine analogues inducing weight loss in mice.
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Dimethylallylguanidine, also known as galegine, isolated from Galega officinalis, has been shown to have weight reducing properties in vivo. Substitution of the guanidine group with an N-cyano group and replacement of guanidine with amidine, pyrimidine, pyridine, or the imidazole moieties removed
Safety evaluation of cimetidine: 54 month interim report on long-term study in dogs.
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Cimetidine [N"-cyano-N-methyl-N'-2[(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylthio]ethyl guanidine] was administered orally to eight male and four female beagle dogs at a dose level of 144 mg per kg bodyweight per day. Four males and two females received placebo tablets. Dosing began in March 1976. During the
Peptidyl aldehydes as reversible covalent inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a large family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic removal of the phosphoryl group from phosphotyrosyl (pY) proteins. PTP inhibitors provide potential treatment of human diseases/conditions such as diabetes and obesity as well as useful tools for studying
[Twenty years of oral diabetic therapy (author's transl)].
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Oral diabetic therapy can be differentiated into sulfonamide derivatives and guanidine derivatives. The substances are different with respect to mode of action, sphere of indications and side effects. In the past 20 years, preparations of both classes of substance have been considerably improved by
Discovery of orally bioavailable 1,3,4-trisubstituted 2-oxopiperazine-based melanocortin-4 receptor agonists as potential antiobesity agents.
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A study that was designed to identify plausible replacements for highly basic guanidine moiety contained in potent MC4R agonists, as exemplified by 1, led to the discovery of initial nonguanidine lead 5. Propyl analog 23 was subsequently found to be equipotent to 5, whereas analogs bearing smaller
Increased Aβ pathology in aged Tg2576 mice born to mothers fed a high fat diet.
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Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes, obesity and premature death in adult offspring. Mid-life diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia are risk factors for the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). A key pathogenic feature of AD is the
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