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Sumoylation enhances the activity of the TGF-β/SMAD and HIF-1 signaling pathways in keloids
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Excessive fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition resulting from upregulation of target genes expression mediated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/SMAD and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways are the main mechanisms that drive keloid formation. Sumoylation is a
Retinoid modulation of connective tissue metabolism in keloid fibroblast cultures.
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Recent observations have suggested that retinoids might affect the metabolism of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. In this study, we examined the effects of tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) and isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) on the production of procollagen in keloid fibroblast
HtrA1 Is Specifically Up-Regulated in Active Keloid Lesions and Stimulates Keloid Development.
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Keloids occur after failure of the wound healing process; inflammation persists, and various treatments are ineffective. Keloid pathogenesis is still unclear. We have previously analysed the gene expression profiles in keloid tissue and found that HtrA1 was markedly up-regulated in the keloid
Analysis of protease-activated receptor-1 and -2 in human scar formation.
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Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-2 are reported to contribute to the fibrotic process in a number of organs, including lung, liver, pancreas, and kidney. The aim of this study was to localize expression and biological activity of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in normal and pathological cutaneous scars.
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a novel inhibitor of fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction.
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Cultured epithelial cells, including those from the oral epithelium, have been successfully applied in the promotion of scarless wound healing. Factors released from the epithelial cells are thought to contribute significantly to the beneficial effects. In the conditioned medium of human oral
Activated caspase expression and apoptosis increase in keloids: cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation during the apoptosis of keloid fibroblast lines.
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To characterize apoptosis in keloids and the mechanisms responsible for this process, the expression of activated caspase-9 and -3 in fibroblasts obtained from keloids was analyzed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of fibroblasts positive for terminal deoxynucleotide
Gene Expression Profile of Isolated Dermal Vascular Endothelial Cells in Keloids
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Wound healing is a complex biological process, and imbalances of various substances in the wound environment may prolong healing and lead to excessive scarring. Keloid is abnormal proliferation of scar tissue beyond the original wound margins with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM)
Tryptase-positive mast cells and angiogenesis in keloids: a new possible post-surgical target for prevention.
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Literature data indicate that mast cells (MCs) are involved in angiogenesis through the release of several pro-angiogenetic factors among which tryptase, a serine protease stored in MC granules, is one of the most active. However, no data are available concerning the role of MCs during keloids'
Tissue alpha-globulins in keloid formation.
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The deposition of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin, both known to be inhibitors of human skin collagenase, is significantly increased in keloids and in hypertrophic scars (as compared to normal skin). However, following intralesional triamcinolone treatment, a marked resorption of these
Adenoviral overexpression and small interfering RNA suppression demonstrate that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 produces elevated collagen accumulation in normal and keloid fibroblasts.
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Keloids are tumor-like skin scars that grow as a result of the aberrant healing of skin injuries, with no effective treatment. We provide new evidence that both overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and elevated collagen accumulation are intrinsic features of keloid fibroblasts
Increased expression of fibroblast activation protein-alpha in keloid fibroblasts: implications for development of a novel treatment option.
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Keloid scars are common benign fibroproliferative reticular dermal lesions with unknown etiology and ill-defined management with high rate of recurrence post surgery. The progression of keloids is characterized by increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, invasion into the surrounding
Development of mast cells and importance of their tryptase and chymase serine proteases in inflammation and wound healing.
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Mast cells (MCs) are active participants in blood coagulation and innate and acquired immunity. This review focuses on the development of mouse and human MCs, as well as the involvement of their granule serine proteases in inflammation and the connective tissue remodeling that occurs during the
Differential expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in human versus cynomolgus monkey skin eccrine sweat glands.
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Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a peptidase whose inhibition is beneficial in Type II diabetes treatment. Several evidences suggest potential implication of DPP4 in skin disorders such as psoriasis, keloids and fibrotic skin diseases where its inhibition could also be beneficial. DPP4 expression
Modulation of procollagen gene expression by retinoids. Inhibition of collagen production by retinoic acid accompanied by reduced type I procollagen messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human skin fibroblast cultures.
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Recent clinical observations have suggested that retinoids, which are in frequent use in dermatology, can affect the connective tissue metabolism in skin and other tissues. In this study, we examined the effects of several retinoids on the metabolism of collagen by human skin fibroblasts in culture.
Fibroblast activation protein-α: a key modulator of the microenvironment in multiple pathologies.
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Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a serine protease that can provide target specificity to therapeutic agents because in adults its expression is restricted to pathologic sites, including cancer, fibrosis, arthritis, wounding, or inflammation. It is not expressed in most normal tissues. The
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