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lycopene/arabidopsis thaliana
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Overexpression of lycopene ε-cyclase gene from lycium chinense confers tolerance to chilling stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Lutein plays an important role in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage and eliminating ROS to render normal physiological function of cells. As a rate-limiting step for lutein synthesis in plants, lycopene ε-cyclase catalyzes lycopene to δ-carotene. We cloned a lycopene ε-cyclase
Two Arabidopsis thaliana carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyze a poly-cis pathway to yield pro-lycopene.
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We have expressed in Escerichia coli the enzymes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and phytoene synthase, from the soil bacterium Erwinia stewartii, and the two carotene desaturases phytoene desaturase and carotene zeta-carotene desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that pro-lycopene
Cloning of the papaya chromoplast-specific lycopene beta-cyclase, CpCYC-b, controlling fruit flesh color reveals conserved microsynteny and a recombination hot spot.
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Carotenoid pigments in fruits are indicative of the ripening process and potential nutritional value. Papaya (Carica papaya) fruit flesh color is caused by the accumulation of lycopene or beta-carotenoids in chromoplasts. It is a distinct feature affecting nutritional composition, fruit quality,
Functional Characterization of Lycopene Cyclases Illustrates the Metabolic Pathway towards Lutein in Red Algal Seaweeds.
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Carotenoids are essential phytonutrients synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms. Acyclic lycopene is the first branching point for carotenoid biosynthesis. Lycopene β- and ε-cyclases (LCYB and LCYE, respectively) catalyze the cyclization of its open ends and direct the metabolic flux into
Xanthophyll cycle-dependent nonphotochemical quenching in Photosystem II: Mechanistic insights gained from Arabidopsis thaliana L. mutants that lack violaxanthin deepoxidase activity and/or lutein.
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This study compares Photosystem II (PS II) chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence yield changes of Arabidopsis thaliana L. nuclear gene mutants, thoughtfully provided by the authors of Pogson et al. (1998 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 13324-13329). One single mutant (npq1) inhibits the violaxanthin
One ring or two? Determination of ring number in carotenoids by lycopene epsilon-cyclases.
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Carotenoids in the photosynthetic membranes of plants typically contain two beta-rings (e.g., beta-carotene and zeaxanthin) or one epsilon- and one beta-ring (e.g., lutein). Carotenoids with two epsilon-rings are uncommon. We reported earlier that the Arabidopsis thaliana lycopene epsilon-cyclase
Decreased Protein Abundance of Lycopene β-Cyclase Contributes to Red Flesh in Domesticated Watermelon.
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Red-fleshed watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) that accumulate lycopene in their flesh cells have been selected and domesticated from their pale-fleshed ancestors. However, the molecular basis of this trait remains poorly understood. Using map-based cloning and transgenic analysis, we identified a
Elucidation of the beta-carotene hydroxylation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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The first dedicated step in plant xanthophyll biosynthesis is carotenoid hydroxylation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this reaction is performed by both heme (LUT1 and LUT5) and non-heme (CHY1 and CHY2) hydroxylases. No mutant completely abolishing alpha- or beta-carotene hydroxylation has been described
Lutein accumulation in the absence of zeaxanthin restores nonphotochemical quenching in the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 mutant.
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Plants protect themselves from excess absorbed light energy through thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). The major component of NPQ, qE, is induced by high transthylakoid DeltapH in excess light and depends on the xanthophyll cycle,
Manipulation of ZDS in Tomato Exposes Carotenoid- and ABA-Specific Effects on Fruit Development and Ripening.
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Spontaneous mutations in fruit-specific carotenoid biosynthetic genes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have led to improved understanding of ripening-associated carotenogenesis. Here we confirm that ZDS is encoded by a single gene in tomato transcriptionally regulated by ripening transcription
Photoprotection in a zeaxanthin- and lutein-deficient double mutant of Arabidopsis.
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When light absorption by a plant exceeds its capacity for light utilization, photosynthetic light harvesting is rapidly downregulated by photoprotective thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). To address the involvement of specific
Why is golden rice golden (yellow) instead of red?
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The endosperm of Golden Rice (Oryza sativa) is yellow due to the accumulation of beta-carotene (provitamin A) and xanthophylls. The product of the two carotenoid biosynthesis transgenes used in Golden Rice, phytoene synthase (PSY) and the bacterial carotene desaturase (CRTI), is lycopene, which has
Manipulation of Plastidial Protein Quality Control Components as a New Strategy to Improve Carotenoid Contents in Tomato Fruit.
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Carotenoids such as β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) and lycopene accumulate at high levels during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit ripening, contributing to the characteristic color and nutritional quality of ripe tomatoes. Besides their role as pigments in chromoplast-harboring tissues such
Optogenetic control of heterologous metabolism in E. coli
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Multi-objective optimization of microbial chassis for the production of xenobiotic compounds requires the implementation of metabolic control strategies that permit dynamic distribution of cellular resources between biomass and product formation. We addressed this need in a previous study by
Oxygenic Phototrophs Need ζ-Carotene Isomerase (Z-ISO) for Carotene Synthesis: Functional Analysis in Arthrospira and Euglena.
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For carotenogenesis, two biosynthetic pathways from phytoene to lycopene are known. Most bacteria and fungi require only phytoene desaturase (CrtI), whereas land plants require four enzymes: phytoene desaturase (PDS, CrtP), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS, CrtQ), ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), and
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