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Overstimulation of CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secretory diarrheas, which remain an important global health problem. This study aimed to identify inhibitors of CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion from a library of fungus-derived compounds and to evaluate their
Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has a continuing impact on residents and travelers in underdeveloped countries. Both heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins contribute to pathophysiology via induction of cyclic nucleotide synthesis, and previous
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease which is characterized with progressive airflow obstruction and abnormal inflammatory response caused by noxious gases and particles. Recently oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors which block activation of inflammatory cells, are
Specific strains of Lactobacillus have been found to be beneficial in treating some types of diarrhea and vaginosis. However, a high mortality rate results from underlying immunosuppressive conditions in patients with Lactobacillus casei bacteremia. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small second messenger
OBJECTIVE
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors such as roflumilast are currently being developed as anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic airway disorders. However, high doses of PDE4 inhibitors have also been linked to several side effects in different animal species, including
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of cAMP and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) to their inactive form. PDE4 is the main selective cAMP-metabolizing enzyme in inflammatory and immune cells. Because PDE4 is highly expressed in leukocytes and
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are common, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) characterized by episodes of life-altering symptoms such as diarrhea, bleeding, fecal urgency and incontinence, abdominal pain and cramps, and fever lasting weeks to months at a time. Existing
Recent advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment offer symptom relief, but disease modification remains an unmet goal of pharmacotherapy. Reducing the frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations may help slow disease progression and reduce the morbidity, mortality, and
Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are major clinical events. They are associated with a more rapid decline in lung function, poorer quality of life scores, and an increased risk of dying. Exacerbations that require hospitalization have particular significance. Approximately 40% of the AECOPD
Chronic respiratory diseases affect millions of people every day. According to the World Health Organization estimates, ~235 million people suffer from asthma, ~64 million suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and millions more suffer from allergic rhinitis around the world. In
Stable toxin (ST) peptides are the causative agents for a severe form of watery diarrhea. These peptides bind to a membrane-associated form of guanylyl cyclase, guanylyl cyclase C. The result is an accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the intestinal cell, regulating protein
Phosphodiesterase-4 isoenzymes have absolute specificity for cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate and are considered potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with small-molecule inhibitors. Several selective
BACKGROUND
Treprostinil is a stable prostacyclin analog approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as parenteral or inhaled therapy. Treprostinil diolamine, a sustained-release oral formulation of treprostinil, was studied to determine whether it could provide a more
BACKGROUND
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a spondyloarthritis that occurs in up to 30% of psoriasis patients. Patients with PsA are at risk for decreased quality of life due to both joint and skin symptoms, impaired physical function and disease progression. Treatments include non-steroidal
BACKGROUND
Men with comorbid erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) may be concomitantly prescribed a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and dapoxetine.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate efficacy and safety of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg on demand (prn) in men with PE and ED who were being