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respiratory insufficiency/scopolamine
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[Scopolamine in the emergency treatment of respiratory failure in very severe encephalitis B].
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[Toxic psychoses from atropine and scopolamine].
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Psychoses caused by an intoxication with atropine or scopolamine are rarely published. Nevertheless atropine and scopolamine were being used in the ancient civilisations and are still in use today. The intoxication is characterised by dose-dependent and substance-dependent syndrome with specific
A descriptive study of an epidemic of poisoning caused by heroin adulterated with scopolamine.
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OBJECTIVE
Adulterants, contaminants, and diluents are all examples of additives to street drugs. Some of these additives may be pharmacologically active; however, it is unusual for them to cause toxic side effects. In the spring of 1995, a new form of heroin appeared in New York City, spreading to
Respiratory failure without pulmonary edema following injection of a glutamate agonist into the ventral medullary raphe of the rat.
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Injection of ibotenic acid (IA), a glutamate agonist, into the ventral medullary raphe (VMR; especially the nucleus raphe magnus) of the rat produced respiratory failure and death following a predictable course of events. The response to the IA injection was characterized initially by increased
[Inhibitory effect and mechanism of scopolamine on respiration].
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In conscious rabbits, dogs and anaesthetized dogs, the respiratory frequency (FR), tidal volume (Vt) and minute ventilation (Vm) were determined in order to confirm whether the respiratory effect of scopolamine is stimulatory or inhibitory. Arterial blood samples were taken intermittently and
Cardiopulmonary complications during gastroscopy in patients with chronic respiratory failure undergoing long-term home oxygen therapy.
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OBJECTIVE
Gastric ulcer and hemorrhage are major complications in patients with chronic respiratory failure, but upper GI endoscopy tends to be avoided because of possible cardiopulmonary events. This study was designed to evaluate hypoxemia and subsequent cardiac complications during gastroscopic
[The first labor analgesia with drug was already performed in late Meiji-Period (1868-1912): trace of opioid-scopolamine which was used in Akiko Yosano, back to its origins].
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There have been some records of labor analgesia with intravenous or rectal anesthetics in early Showa-period (1926-1989). However, the author found that labor analgesia had been already attempted for some women in late Meiji-period (1868-1912). One of agents used was pantopon, a water-soluble opioid
Activation of cholinergic mechanisms in the medulla oblongata reverse intravenous opioid-induced respiratory depression.
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The role of cholinergic mechanisms in opioid-induced respiratory depression was investigated in isoflurane-anesthetized rats. In these animals, the i.v. administration of fentanyl, a clinically useful potent opioid analgesic/anesthetic, induced a prolonged period of apnea and subsequent rise in the
Predictive factors of oxygen desaturation of patients submitted to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under conscious sedation.
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OBJECTIVE
Hypoxemia can occur during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography probably induced by the analgesia and sedation done. Moreover the patients prone position difficults the adequate ventilation. The hypoxemia and hypoventilation may not be noticed by nursing staff. A transversal
Pharmacological modulation of soman-induced seizures.
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Anticholinergics, benzodiazepines and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists have been shown to modulate the expression of nerve agent-induced seizures. This study examined whether the anticonvulsant actions of these drugs varied depending on the duration of prior seizure activity. Rats implanted
Reversal agents in sedation and anesthesia: a review.
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This paper reviews the use of prototypic drugs for reversal of the effects produced by anesthetic and sedative agents. Efficacy and toxicity information is presented for naloxone (as used to reverse opioids), physostigmine (as used for reversal of sedatives), and Flumazenil (a new specific
Anticholinergic syndrome after anesthesia: a case report and review.
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Anticholinergic syndrome may present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Central manifestations range from excitatory symptoms including delirium and agitation to central nervous system depression, stupor and coma. Anticholinergic syndrome was once a common phenomenon after general anesthesia
Care of Patients at the End of Life: Management of Nonpain Symptoms.
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Management of nonpain symptoms can improve quality of life for patients at the end of life and their family members. Constipation is the most common nonpain symptom. It can be related to opioid therapy and/or medical conditions. After abdominal examination to detect masses or evidence of bowel
Adjuncts to opioid therapy.
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Administration of opioids to alleviate moderate to severe acute pain and chronic cancer pain is an established management process. However, advancements in clinical pharmacologic research have shown that opioids are also effective in chronic noncancerous pain. Many patients properly treated for
[Use of opioids in the elderly -- pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations].
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Perioperative management of geriatric patients is becoming an important component in anaesthetic practice in the 21st century. This phenomenon is due to the fact that people aged 65 and over are the segment with the fastest growing population. Thus, it is estimated that by the year 2025 20 % of the
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