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Effects of yohimbine on plasma catecholamine levels in orthostatic hypotension related to Parkinson disease or multiple system atrophy.
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Different pathophysiological mechanisms may underly orthostatic hypotension (OH) observed in neurological degenerative disorders. The present study investigates the responses to the pharmacological activation of sympathetic pathways induced by yohimbine (0.2 mg/kg orally) through measurements of
Multiple system atrophy: using clinical pharmacology to reveal pathophysiology.
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Despite similarities in their clinical presentation, patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) have residual sympathetic tone and intact post-ganglionic noradrenergic fibers, whereas patients with pure autonomic failure (PAF) and Parkinson disease have efferent post-ganglionic autonomic
Deterioration of myocardial injury due to dexmedetomidine administration after myocardial ischaemia.
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OBJECTIVE
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α-2 adrenergic agonist used perioperatively. Dexmedetomidine's cardioprotective effect after myocardial ischaemia remains unknown. In this study, we administered dexmedetomidine after ischaemia to investigate its ability to protect the cardiac muscle
Anti-hypernociceptive effect of mangiferin in persistent and neuropathic pain models in rats.
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The present study examines the possible effect of the glucosylxanthone mangiferin (MG) on pain-related behaviors in a tonic acute pain model (formalin test at 5%) and in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to clarify the underlying transient and long-term mechanisms. Acute administration of MG
Selective alterations in transglutaminase activity of rat superior cervical ganglia in response to neurotransmitters, high potassium and sialic acid-containing compounds.
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We examined the in vitro effects of neurotransmitters, high KCl as well as sialic acid-containing compounds (GM1; SC) on transglutaminase (TG) activity in isolated superior cervical ganglia (SCG) one week after denervation or axotomy. Following denervation, TG activity in SCG decreased to 83% of the
Mediatory role of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, GABAA and Alpha2 receptors in topiramate neuroprotective effects against methylphenidate induced neurotoxicity in rat.
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Prolonged abuse of methylphenidate (MPH) often causes neuronal damage. Topiramate (TPM) has neuroprotective properties, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The current study evaluates in vivo role of various doses of TPM (10, 30, 50, 70 and 100mg/kg) and its possible mechanisms against
Pharmacological manipulations of the alpha 2-noradrenergic system. Effects on cognition.
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Electrophysiological and neurosurgical lesion studies with experimental animals have implicated the ascending dorsal noradrenergic bundle of the locus coeruleus system in cognitive process such as memory, learning and selective attention. However, it has also been suggested that noradrenaline
Pharmacologic treatment of orthostatic hypotension
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Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a disabling disorder caused by impairment of the normal autonomic compensatory mechanisms that maintain upright blood pressure. Nonpharmacologic treatment is always the first step in the management of this condition, but a considerable number of patients
Effects of morphine on sprouting of locus coeruleus fibers in the neonatal rat.
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Acutely (by 48 h), as well as after one month survival, morphine (20 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the extent of noradrenergic degeneration in the forebrain of newborn rats caused by 50 mg/kg of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) s.c. This was associated with increased regenerative sprouting in the
Catechol-o-methyltransferase and blood pressure in humans.
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BACKGROUND
Whether catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the enzyme that metabolizes extraneuronal norepinephrine, contributes to blood pressure regulation in humans is unknown.
RESULTS
We studied incremental doses of the COMT inhibitor entacapone, the sympathetic stimulant yohimbine, and placebo in
Topiramate via NMDA, AMPA/kainate, GABAA and Alpha2 receptors and by modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway exerts neuroprotective effects against methylphenidate-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
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Chronic abuse of methylphenidate (MPH) often causes neuronal cell death. Topiramate (TPM) carries neuroprotective effects, but its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, the role of various doses of TPM and its possible mechanisms, receptors and signaling pathways involved
Noradrenergic lesion of the locus coeruleus increases the firing activity of the medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons and the role of alpha2-adrenoceptors in normal and medial forebrain bundle lesioned rats.
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Degeneration of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex were regarded as playing a specific role in the occurrence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. The present study examined the spontaneous firing rate and firing pattern of medial
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist protects retinal function after acute retinal ischemic injury in the rat.
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Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists have previously been shown to enhance neuronal survival in an optic nerve mechanical injury model and to protect photoreceptors in a light-induced degeneration model. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist in a
Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists induce basic fibroblast growth factor expression in photoreceptors in vivo and ameliorate light damage.
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We observed an induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA in the rat retina after systemic administration of the alpha 2-adrenergic agonists xylazine and clonidine. A single injection of xylazine or clonidine transiently increased bFGF mRNA. Preinjection of yohimbine, an alpha
Cloning and expression of a fish alpha 2-adrenoceptor.
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1. Pigment granule aggregation in specialized cells (melanophores) from the skin of teleost fishes has been shown to be mediated by receptors with an alpha 2-adrenoceptor pharmacology. We now report the cloning of the alpha 2-F, a fish skin alpha 2-receptor from the cuckoo wrasse (Labrus ossifagus).
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