Mitigation by sodium nitroprusside of the effects of salinity on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Rubus idaeus under in vitro conditions.

This study examined the changes brought about by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the effects of salinity on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Rubus idaeus var. Danehdrosht. Raspberry shoot-tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with a growth regulator that combined benzyleadenine (1 mg/l), indol-3-butyric acetic acid (0.2 mg/l), SNP (0, 50 and 100 µM) and sodium chloride (0, 50 and 100 mM). The results showed that salinity stress significantly decreased morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics such as RWC, MSI and total protein content in regenerated explants and significantly increased the total soluble sugar, proline contents, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in compared to the control. However, SNP treatments mitigated the impacts of salinity on morphological and physiological characteristics in raspberry shoot-tip explants by increasing the accumulation of proline content, total protein content and total soluble sugar in line with increasing antioxidant enzyme activity under salinity conditions.