0.1 mg/kg in a 100 mL solution of dextrose 5% or sodium chloride 0.9% will be give after patient consent and enrollment in the study, vitals are followed (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate) for 2 hours following completion of ketamine infusion. Evaluated for side effects for 2 hours following completion of ketamine infusion.

0.2 mg/kg in a 100 mL solution of dextrose 5% or sodium chloride 0.9% will be give after patient consent and enrollment in the study, vitals are followed (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate) for 2 hours following completion of ketamine infusion. Evaluated for side effects for 2 hours following completion of ketamine infusion.

0.3 mg/kg in a 100 mL solution of dextrose 5% or sodium chloride 0.9% will be give after patient consent and enrollment in the study, vitals are followed (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate) for 2 hours following completion of ketamine infusion. Evaluated for side effects for 2 hours following completion of ketamine infusion.

Acute Pain

Three different doses of ketamine will be administered.

Ketamine Injectable Product

Hackensack University Medical Center

Ketamine for Pain in the Emergency Department

Comparison of Ketamine 0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, and 0.3 mg/kg Intravenous Doses for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Clinical Trial

Pain score using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) post ketamine infusion. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) ranges from 0-to-10 with 0 being no pain and lower numbers representing less pain, so in this case lower numbers will represent better outcomes.

Frequency of adverse events secondary to ketamine including fatigue, dizziness, nausea, headache, feeling of unreality, changes in hearing or vision, mood changes, generalized discomfort, and hallucinations, changes in vital signs.

All study related materials will be kept confidential as required by law. Written documentation and computer files will remain in a locked or password protected location, with access given to those directly responsible for the conduct of the study. In addition, all information will be recorded in such a manner that subjects whose data is included in the analysis cannot be identified directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects.

Hackensack Meridian Health

3 arms each arm getting a different dose of ketamine

Double-blinded study (only the pharmacist supervisor that has no other involvement with the study will know the dose)

To compare exercise performance of 2 or 4 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight to placebo within subjects. Subjects will perform 4 exercise tests.

Healthy

Caffeine 2mg

Caffeine 4 mg

Caffeine 0

University ofToronto

Caffeine, Genetic Variation and Athletic Performance

Genetic Modifiers of Caffeine Intake and Athletic Performance

To determine if their is a positive effect (improvement) effect of 2 or 4 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body mass on four distinct components of fitness: power, strength, anaerobic and aerobic capacity. Therefore, to determine the efficacy of caffeine to shorten time to completion in time trial, and increase power/strength in wingate, vertical jump and handgrip tests.

Saliva samples will be taken for a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and identification of genetic variations related to caffeine metabolism, in order to determine which genes are associated with improved performance during the caffeine treatment. Sport SNP's on genes such as ACE, ACTN3 and others will also be identified to determine associations to performance and/or descriptive statistics such as VO2 max.

Ahmed El-Sohemy

Associate Professor

University of Toronto

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

Nutrigenomix Inc.

Fatigue

A 6 gm/day (3 gm/bid) dose of D-ribose in water. Each subject will consume oral D-ribose, dissolved in 8 fl. oz of water (1 serving) twice daily, for 2 weeks.

D-ribose

A 6 gm/day (3 gm/bid) dose of dextrose in water. Each subject will consume oral dextrose, dissolved in 8 fl. oz of water (1 serving) twice daily, for 2 weeks.

dextrose/fatigue

Ketamine for Pain in the Emergency Department

Caffeine, Genetic Variation and Athletic Performance

The Effect of Oral D-Ribose in "Baby Boomers" With Fatigue. A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Study of Creatine Monohydrate in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Measurement of Outcome of Surgical Treatment in Patients With Acromegaly

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