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Growing cannabis with naphthalene in Rome.

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A young Italian male was investigated for possession of illicit marijuana in Rome. In his house, police found 80 cannabis plants, the plants were different sizes and located in a room with ultraviolet light, naphthalene, as a grey-white powder, was also found in his house. The man indicated that he

Characterization of in vitro metabolites of JWH-018, JWH-073 and their 4-methyl derivatives, markers of the abuse of these synthetic cannabinoids.

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In vitro incubation with human liver microsomes of JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-122 and for the first time 1-butyl-3-(1-(4-methyl)naphthoyl)indole (the 4-methylnaphthoyl analogue of JWH-073) was investigated to identify the principal metabolites of alkylindole synthetic cannabinoids, thus helping the

Human Hepatocyte Metabolism of Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids MN-18 and Its 5-Fluoro Analog 5F-MN-18.

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BACKGROUND In 2014, 2 novel synthetic cannabinoids, MN-18 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-MN-18, were first identified in an ongoing survey of novel psychoactive substances in Japan. In vitro pharmacological assays revealed that MN-18 and 5F-MN-18 displayed high binding affinities to human CB1 and CB2

Analysis of Fragmentation Pathways of New-Type Synthetic Cannabinoids Using Electrospray Ionization.

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Recently, dozens of new psychoactive substances have appeared on the European drug market every year. The most abundant group of these compounds is synthetic cannabinoids. In the first few years of the "legal highs" phenomenon, JWH (John W. Huffman) compounds were especially popular among drug

Interactions of cannabinoids with bovine serum albumin.

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There is no shift of emission maximum (F470nm) of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonic acid (ANS) complex in the presence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) alone and cannabidiol (CBD) or cannabinol (CBN) in the presence and absence of delta-9-THC. Delta-9-THC

Identification of in vitro metabolites of JWH-015, an aminoalkylindole agonist for the peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2) by HPLC-MS/MS.

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The in vitro microsomal metabolism of JWH-015, a ligand that exhibits a high binding affinity at the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB(2), has been studied. A total of 22 metabolites were identified and structurally characterized. The metabolites are products of: 1) monohydroxylation on the

Toxicokinetics of new psychoactive substances: plasma protein binding, metabolic stability, and human phase I metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 studied using in vitro tools and LC-HR-MS/MS.

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The new psychoactive substance WIN 55,212-2 ((R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo-[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone) is a potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. The metabolism of WIN 55,212-2 in man has never been reported. Therefore, the aim of

Synthesis of carbon-11-labeled aminoalkylindole derivatives as new candidates of cannabinoid receptor radioligands for PET imaging of alcohol abuse.

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Carbon-11-labeled aminoalkylindole derivatives (1-butyl-7-[(11)C]methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalene-1-yl)methanone ([(11)C]3), 1-butyl-7-[(11)C]methoxy-3-(naphthalene-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indole ([(11)C]5), and 1-butyl-7-[(11)C]methoxy-3-(naphthalene-2-yl)-1H-indole ([(11)C]8) were prepared by

Correlation of vapor phase infrared spectra and regioisomeric structure in synthetic cannabinoids.

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The twelve 1-n-pentyl-2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-(1- and 2-naphthoyl)-indoles each have the same substituents attached to the indole ring, identical elemental composition (C24H23NO) yielding identical nominal and accurate masses. These twelve isomers cover all possible positions of carbonyl bridge

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Characterizing the Metabolism of Synthetic Cannabinoid THJ-018 and Its 5-Fluoro Analog THJ-2201 after Incubation in Human Hepatocytes.

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BACKGROUND Despite increasing prevalence of novel psychoactive substances, no human metabolism data are currently available, complicating laboratory documentation of intake in urine samples and assessment of the drugs' pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. In 2014, THJ-018

Characteristics of the designer drug and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AM-2201 regarding its chemistry and metabolism.

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Aminoalkylindoles, a subclass of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, show an extensive and complex metabolism in vivo, and due to their structural similarity, they can be challenging in terms of unambiguous assignment of metabolic patterns in urine samples to consumed substances. The situation

High frequency plant regeneration from leaf derived callus of high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol yielding Cannabis sativa L.

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An efficient in vitro propagation protocol for rapidly producing Cannabis sativa plantlets from young leaf tissue was developed. Using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), high THC yielding elite female clone of a drug-type CANNABIS variety (MX) was screened and its vegetatively

Toxic by design? Formation of thermal degradants and cyanide from carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids CUMYL-PICA, 5F-CUMYL-PICA, AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, NNEI, and MN-18 during exposure to high temperatures.

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The use of novel synthetic cannabinoids as intoxicants continues in spite of associated health risks. These compounds are typically smoked or vaporized, but many synthetic cannabinoids contain thermally labile chemical moieties. This study investigated the thermal stability six

Structure-activity relationships of indole- and pyrrole-derived cannabinoids.

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Early molecular modeling studies with Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC) reported that three discrete regions which interact with brain cannabinoid (CB1) receptors corresponded to the C-9 position of the cyclohexene ring, the phenolic hydroxyl and the carbon side chain at the C3 position.

(Aminoalkyl)indole isothiocyanates as potential electrophilic affinity ligands for the brain cannabinoid receptor.

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A series of (aminoalkyl)indole compounds, naphthalene analogs of pravadoline (1), has been shown to exhibit cannabinoid agonist activities such as antinociception in animals, inhibition of adenylate cyclase in brain membranes, and binding to the cannabinoid receptor. These pravadoline analogs were

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