acarbose/dental caries

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Complex structures of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 2 with acarbose and cyclodextrins demonstrate the multiple substrate recognition mechanism.

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Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase 2 (TVAII) has the unique ability to hydrolyze cyclodextrins (CDs), with various sized cavities, as well as starch. To understand the relationship between structure and substrate specificity, x-ray structures of a TVAII-acarbose complex and inactive

Crystal structure of glucansucrase from the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans.

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Glucansucrase (GSase) from Streptococcus mutans is an essential agent in dental caries pathogenesis. Here, we report the crystal structure of S. mutans glycosyltransferase (GTF-SI), which synthesizes soluble and insoluble glucans and is a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 70 GSase in the free enzyme

Inhibitory effects of tannin on human salivary alpha-amylase.

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Here, we first report on the effectiveness and specificity of tannin inhibition of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-beta-d-galactopyranosylmaltoside hydrolysis that is catalyzed by human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA). Tannin was gallotannin in which quinic acid was esterified with 2-7 units of gallic acid.

Segmental pneumatosis cystoides coli: computed tomography-facilitated diagnosis.

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Intestinal pneumatosis is a rare entity of unclear etiopathogenesis characterized by the presence of gaseous cystic or linear collections within the intestinal wall. Intestinal pneumatosis may be primary and idiopathic in origin or, more frequently, it accompanies various clinical conditions.

Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum binds to human salivary α-amylase.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum acts as an intermediate between early and late colonizers in the oral cavity. In this study, we showed that F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum can bind to a salivary component with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa and identified the protein and another major factor of

Crystal structures of the bacterial solute receptor AcbH displaying an exclusive substrate preference for β-D-galactopyranose.

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Solute receptors (binding proteins) are indispensable components of canonical ATP-binding cassette importers in prokaryotes. Here, we report on the characterization and crystal structures in the closed and open conformations of AcbH, the solute receptor of the putative carbohydrate transporter AcbFG

New Insights into the Inhibition Mechanism of Betulinic Acid on α-Glucosidase.

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Betulinic acid (BA), an important pentacyclic triterpene widely distributed in many foods, possesses high antidiabetic activity. In this study, BA was found to exhibit stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase than acarbose with an IC50 value of (1.06 ± 0.02) × 10-5 mol L-1 in a mixed-type manner. BA

Structure-related protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition by naringenin derivatives.

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Naturally occurring flavonoids co-exist as glycoside conjugates, which dominate aglycones in their content. To unveil the structure-activity relationship of a naturally occurring flavonoid, we investigated the effects of the glycosylation of naringenin on the inhibition of enzyme systems related to

Effects of alpha-amylase and its inhibitors on acid production from cooked starch by oral streptococci.

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This study evaluated acid production from cooked starch by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mitis, and the effects of alpha-amylase inhibitors (maltotriitol and acarbose) and xylitol on acid production. Streptococcal cell suspensions were

Multifunctional approaches to provide potential pharmacophores for the pharmacy shelf: Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt.

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Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt. commonly known as "hogweed" is traditionally used to manage several human ailments. This investigation assessed, for the first time, the enzyme inhibitory properties, antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile, antimutagenic, and

Phytochemical Profiling, GC-MS Analysis and α-Amylase Inhibitory Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Cocos nucifera Linn. Endocarp.

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Drugs with post-prandial action constitute one of the main course of treatments for diabetes. In the present investigation, we have explored the α-amylase inhibitory potential of ethanolic extract of Cocos nucifera endocarp. DNS based α-amylase assay indicated that IC50 value of extract lies in the

Molecular structure of a barley alpha-amylase-inhibitor complex: implications for starch binding and catalysis.

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alpha-Amylases are widely occurring, multidomain proteins with a catalytic (beta/alpha)8-barrel. In barley alpha-amylase, insight into the catalytic mechanism is gained from the X-ray crystal structure of its molecular complex with acarbose, a pseudotetrasaccharide that acts like a transition-state

Multidirectional investigations on different parts of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn: Phenolic components, in vitro biological, and in silico propensities.

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Allium species have been widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes. This study attempts for the first time to investigate into the enzyme inhibitory potential of different plant parts of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn, also known as wild garlic or leek in Turkey. The

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