Traditional palm oil normally used in foods

Cardiovascular Disease

Use of Palm DAG Oil to replace palm oil traditionally used in foods

Palm DAG Oil

Penn State University

Healthy Fatty Acids in Transition

Healthy FAT (Fatty Acids in Transition) Study

Participants receive a two week break between diet periods. Diet period 1 runs from week 1-4 and diet period 2 from week 7-10.

Penny Kris-Etherton

Distinguished Professor of Nutrition

California Healthcare Institute

Subjects are males or non-pregnant, non-lactating females age 18-80 years. All subjects must have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a minimum of two years according to the current ADA criteria and triglyceride levels above 149 mg/dL. Subjects in this arm will be taking placebo for 6 months.

Subjects are males or non-pregnant, non-lactating females age 18-80 years. All subjects must have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a minimum of two years according to the current ADA criteria and triglyceride levels above 149 mg/dL. Subjects in this arm will be taking 4 g of Lovaza per day for 6 months.

Subjects are males or non-pregnant, non-lactating females age 18-80 years. All subjects must have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a minimum of two years according to the current ADA criteria and triglyceride levels above 149 mg/dL. Subjects in this arm will be taking placebo for 6 months.
Placebo: Subjects are males or non-pregnant, non-lactating females age 18-80 years. All subjects must have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a minimum of two years according to the current ADA criteria and triglyceride levels above 149 mg/dL. Subjects in this arm will be taking placebo for 6 months.

Placebo

Subjects are males or non-pregnant, non-lactating females age 18-80 years. All subjects must have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a minimum of two years according to the current ADA criteria and triglyceride levels above 149 mg/dL. Subjects in this arm will be taking 4 g of Lovaza per day for 6 months.
omega-3-acie ethyl esters: Lovaza (TM) (omega-3-ethyl esters) 1 gram Capsules are indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce very high (>500 mg/dL) triglyceride (TG) levels in adult patients.

Lovaza

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Race (NIH/OMB)

Weight (lbs)

BMI kg/m^2

Qualifying triglyceride level (mg/dL)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

HbA1c (%)

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(AST) (u/L)

serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT) (u/L)

Alkaline phosphatase (u/L)

C-peptide (ng/mL)

Insulin (uIU/mL)

19 participants in each arm( placebo or omega-3-ethyl esters 4g) were analyzed . Conduction velocities and amplitude of the following nerves were compared between each arm: Tibial Nerve Ankle Amplitude, Tibial Nerve Popliteal Amplitude, Median Nerve Wrist Amplitude, Median Nerve Elbow Amplitude, Peroneal Motor Nerve Ankle Amplitude, Peroneal Motor Nerve Below Fibular Amplitude, Peroneal Motor Nerve Above Fibular Amplitude, Sensory Median Nerve Wrist Amplitude, Sensory Ulnar, Sensory Sural Ankle Ampltiude Wrist Ampltiude

Subjects are males or non-pregnant, non-lactating females age 18-80 years. All subjects must have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus a minimum of two years according to the current ADA criteria and triglyceride levels above 149 mg/dL. Subjects in this arm will be taking 4 g of Lovaza per day for 6 months.
omega-3-ethyl esters: Lovaza (TM) (omega-3-ethyl esters) 1 gram Capsules are indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce very high (>500 mg/dL) triglyceride (TG) levels in adult patients.

Omega-3-ethyl Esters 4g

Efficacy Measures Are Nerve Conduction Studies, Specifically Changes in Conduction Amplitude.

Quantitative Autonomic Function Tests (QAFTs) were performed. Primarily, power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and time- and frequency-domain analyses, including measures of the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart beat (R-R interval), were recorded with deep breathing, Valsalva, and standing from the sitting position maneuvers. Additionally, the sample difference of the beat to beat (NN) intervals and the TSP was calculated as well as the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (sdNN).

Measurements of Indices of Large and Small Fiber Nerve Function Including Heart Rate Variation Measures.

Quantitative Sensory Tests (QSTs), including, cold sensation threshold, cold pain threshold and vibration detection threshold, were used to evaluate peripheral sensory perception.

Measurements of Indices of Large and Small Fiber Nerve Function Using Vibration and Thermal Thresholds.

Quantitative Sensory Tests (QSTs), including vibration detection threshold, were used to evaluate peripheral sensory perception. Mean represents percent change of total group. Measurements taken at baseline and at one year.

Percent Change in Measurements of Indices of Large and Small Fiber Nerve Function Including Vibration Thresholds

Oxidative stress/inflammatory markers (IL1β, IKKβ, TLR4, TNF-α, JNK1, toll-like receptor 2) were assessed through a meal challenge.

Measurements of Indices of Large and Small Fiber Nerve Function Including Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Efficacy Measures Are Nerve Conduction Studies; Specifically, Increases in Conduction Velocity.

Efficacy Measures Are Nerve Conduction Studies, Specifically Changes in Latency.

Efficacy Measures Are Nerve Conduction Studies, Specifically Changes in F-wave Conduction

Efficacy Measures Examining Increased Vascular Response to Ischemic Block and to Local Warming at the Dorsum of the Foot.

Overall Study

Dr. Henri Parson

Hypertriglyceridemia

Diabetic Neuropathy

Lovaza (TM) (omega-3-ethyl esters) 1 gram Capsules are indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce very high (>500 mg/dL) triglyceride (TG) levels in adult patients.

diacylglycerol/necrosis

Healthy Fatty Acids in Transition

Lovaza® and Microvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes

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