Two capsules containing starch and glucose, once per day, 60 days duration

One capsule 250 mg active compound (OPP) and one capsule containing starch and glucose, once per day, 60 days duration

One capsule containing 1000 mg active compound (OPP) and one capsule starch and glucose, once per day, 60 days duration

Two capsules, 1000 mg active compound (OPP) each, once per day, 60 days duration

Cardiovascular Diseases

Hyperlipidemias

Hypercholesterolemia

The placebo that will be used contains starch and glucose.

Placebos

One capsule contains 250 mg OPP or 1 g OPP

Oil Palm Phenolics

National University of Malaysia

Supplementation of Oil Palm Phenolics to Healthy Participants

Supplementation of Oil Palm Phenolics to Improve Lipid Profile in Healthy Participants (Phase I Clinical Trial Study)

This will be assessed from the plasma analysis on the fasting blood samples of each participant

This will be assessed via history, physical examination, kidney function test, liver function test and hematology profile from the plasma analysis on the fasting blood samples of each participant.

This will be assessed from the plasma analysis on the fasting blood samples of each participant.

Inflammatory markers such as Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1beta, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-10 and interferon-Gamma will be assessed from the plasma analysis on the fasting blood samples of each participant.

Antioxidant levels such as Malonaldehyde and Superoxide dismutase will be assessed from the plasma analysis on the fasting blood samples of each participant.

This will be assessed by measuring the weight of each participant.

Isa Naina Mohamed

Associate Professor

Malaysia Palm Oil Board

Participants will consume three bagels with an optimized composition in fatty acids and without oil palm in only one day.

Participants will consume three bagels with a conventional composition in fatty acids in only one day.

Hyperlipemia

Participants will eat 132g of a bagel with an optimized composition in fatty acids in only one day, representing an ingestion of 556.5 kcal and 33g of total fat, of which 4.41g are saturated fatty acids, 24.27g are monounsaturated fatty acids, and 4.28g are polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Optimized Bagel

Participants will eat 132g of a bagel with a conventional composition in fatty acids in only one day, representing an ingestion of 589.0 kcal and 35.6g of total fat, of which 16.76g are saturated fatty acids, 13.00g are monounsaturated fatty acids, and 5.81g are polyunsaturated fatty acids

Conventional Bagel

Technological Centre of Nutrition and Health. Eurecat_Reus.

Centro Tecnológico de Nutrición y Salud (Eurecat-Reus)

Effect of Consumption of Bagel Without Palm Oil on Postprandial Lipidemia

Effect of Consumption of Bagel Without Palm Oil on Postprandial Lipidemia in Healthy or With Mild-Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia Subjects. Postprandial, Randomized, Controlled, Crossover and Double-Blind Study (PALMFREE)

Evolution of postprandial triglycerides levels in blood, assessed as area under the curve (AUC).
Serum triglycerides levels will be measured by standardized methods in a Cobas Mira Plus autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics Systems, Madrid, Spain).

Measurement of the endothelial function using the Laser-Doppler technique.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) will be measured twice after 2-5 minutes of patient respite, seated, with one-minute interval in between, using an automatic sphygmomanometer (OMRON HEM-907; Peroxfarma, Barcelona, Spain).

Evolution of postprandial glucose and insulin levels in blood. It will be measured as AUC.
Serum glucose and insulin levels will be measured by standardized methods in a Cobas Mira Plus autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics Systems, Madrid, Spain).

Evolution of non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol in blood after the consumption of bagels.
Serum parameters will be measured by standardized methods in a Cobas Mira Plus autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics Systems, Madrid, Spain).

Evolution of Apo B48, Apo B100 and Apo A1 in blood after the consumption of bagels.
Apo B100 and Apo A1 in serum will be measured by standardized methods in a Cobas Mira Plus autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics Systems, Madrid, Spain). Apo B48 in serum will be measured by an ELISA kit.

Evolution of the inflammation markers Interleukin 6 (IL-6), E-selectin, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM) and Vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM), the thrombosis markers Plasminogen activator 1 (PA-1) and Thrombomodulin, and the oxidative stress markers Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Malondialdehyde.
Serum parameters will be measured by human ELISA kits.

Evolution of postprandial activity levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in blood. It will measured by a fluorometric kit.
Serum activity of LPL will be measured by an fluorometric kit.

Evaluation of fatty acid composition of serum triglycerides in blood. It will be measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

Technological Centre of Nutrition and Health, Spain

Eurecat

Europastry S.A.

Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus

Control breakfast providing 50g carbohydrate

Control breakfast, plus 25g rice bran oil gel (solid)

Control breakfast, plus 25g rice bran oil (liquid)

Control breakfast, plus 25g palm oil gel (solid)

Control breakfast, plus 25g palm oil (liquid)

Glucose Response

Breakfast with rice bran oil gel

Breakfast with rice bran oil

Breakfast with palm oil gel

Breakfast with palm oil

JeyaKumar Henry

Palm And Rice Bran Oil Study

Effects of Liquid Oil vs Oleogel Co-ingested With a Carbohydrate-rich Meal on Human Blood Triglycerides, Glucose, Insulin and Appetite.

Blood obtained through fingerprick, analysed using Hemocue analyser.

Venous blood obtain through cannula, analysed using Cobas analyser. Venous plasma triglyceride will be assessed at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 minutes

Venous blood obtain through cannula, analysed using Cobas analyser. Venous plasma insulin will be assessed at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 minutes

Appetite ratings will be assessed at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 minutes

Principle Investigator

Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore

University of Guelph

Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Red Palm Olein contains corresponding fatty acids like Palm Olein except having more phytonutrients (carotenoids and vitamin E)

Red Palm Olein

Palm Olein contains corresponding fatty acids like Red Palm Olein except having less phytonutrients (no carotenoids and less vitamin E)

elaeis guineensis/triglyceride

Supplementation of Oil Palm Phenolics to Healthy Participants

Effect of Consumption of Bagel Without Palm Oil on Postprandial Lipidemia

Palm And Rice Bran Oil Study

Red Palm Olein and Cardiovascular Health

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