starch/arabidopsis

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Modified sucrose, starch, and ATP levels in two alloplasmic male-sterile lines of B. napus.

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Alloplasmic lines of Brassica napus with rearranged Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial DNA are male sterile and vegetatively altered compared with B. napus cv. Hanna. The CMS lines contain pure nuclear and plastid genomes from B. napus. Cross-sections of leaves revealed elevated starch accumulation

Cloning, expression and characterization of a Nudix hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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'Nudix' hydrolases are widely distributed nucleotide pyrophosphatases that possess a conserved GX5EX7REUXEEXGU motif where U is usually isoleucine, leucine or valine. Among them, Escherichia coli ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase (ASPP) has been shown to catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of ADP-glucose

Genomic Foundation of Starch-to-Lipid Switch in Oleaginous Chlorella spp.

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The ability to rapidly switch the intracellular energy storage form from starch to lipids is an advantageous trait for microalgae feedstock. To probe this mechanism, we sequenced the 56.8-Mbp genome of Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-9, an industrial production strain for protein, starch, and lipids.

β-Amylase1 and β-amylase3 are plastidic starch hydrolases in Arabidopsis That Seem to Be Adapted for Different Thermal, pH, and stress conditions.

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Starch degradation in chloroplasts requires β-amylase (BAM) activity, which is encoded by a multigene family. Of nine Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) BAM genes, six encode plastidic enzymes, but only four of these are catalytically active. In vegetative plants, BAM1 acts during the day in guard

The sink-specific plastidic phosphate transporter PHT4;2 influences starch accumulation and leaf size in Arabidopsis.

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Nonphotosynthetic plastids are important sites for the biosynthesis of starch, fatty acids, and amino acids. The uptake and subsequent use of cytosolic ATP to fuel these and other anabolic processes would lead to the accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) if not balanced by a Pi export activity.

Starch synthesis in Arabidopsis is achieved by spatial cotranscription of core starch metabolism genes.

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Starch synthesis and degradation require the participation of many enzymes, occur in both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues, and are subject to environmental and developmental regulation. We examine the distribution of starch in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and

Overriding the co-limiting import of carbon and energy into tuber amyloplasts increases the starch content and yield of transgenic potato plants.

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Transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants simultaneously over-expressing a pea (Pisum sativum) glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator (GPT) and an Arabidopsis thaliana adenylate translocator (NTT1) in tubers were generated. Double transformants exhibited an enhanced tuber yield of up to 19%,

The analysis of the different functions of starch-phosphorylating enzymes during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants discloses an unexpected role for the cytosolic isoform GWD2.

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The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three glucan, water dikinases. Glucan, water dikinase 1 (GWD1; EC 2.7.9.4) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD; EC 2.7.9.5) are chloroplastic enzymes, while glucan, water dikinase 2 (GWD2) is cytosolic. Both GWDs and PWD catalyze the addition of

Control of starch granule numbers in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.

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The aim of this work was to investigate starch granule numbers in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Lack of quantitative information on the extent of genetic, temporal, developmental, and environmental variation in granule numbers is an important limitation in understanding control of

The N-terminal Part of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch Synthase 4 Determines the Localization and Activity of the Enzyme.

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Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule. We showed previously that SS4 interacts with fibrillins 1 and is associated with plastoglobules,

The gene encoding the catalytically inactive beta-amylase BAM4 involved in starch breakdown in Arabidopsis leaves is expressed preferentially in vascular tissues in source and sink organs.

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Genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that two members of the beta-amylase (BAM) family BAM3 and BAM4 are required for leaf starch breakdown at night. Both are plastid proteins and while BAM3 encodes an active BAM, BAM4 is not an active alpha-1,4-glucan hydrolase. To gain further

A suite of Lotus japonicus starch mutants reveals both conserved and novel features of starch metabolism.

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The metabolism of starch is of central importance for many aspects of plant growth and development. Information on leaf starch metabolism other than in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is scarce. Furthermore, its importance in several agronomically important traits exemplified by legumes remains

Structural and functional basis for starch binding in the SnRK1 subunits AKINβ2 and AKINβγ.

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Specialized carbohydrate-binding domains, the Starch-Binding Domain (SBD) and the Glycogen Binding Domain (GBD), are motifs of approximately 100 amino acids directly or indirectly associated with starch or glycogen metabolism. Members of the regulatory β subunit of the heterotrimeric complex

Intermediary glucan structures formed during starch granule biosynthesis are enriched in short side chains, a dynamic pulse labeling approach.

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The formation of intermediary glucans, mature starch, and phytoglycogen was studied using leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and dbe mutant, which lacks plastidic isoamylase (Zeeman, S. C., Umemoto, T., Lue, W. L., Au-Yeung, P., Martin, C., Smith, A. M., and Chen, J. (1998) Plant Cell 10,

Decreased Hill reaction rates and slow turnover of transitory starch in the obligate shade plant Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng).

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To identify physiological processes that might limit photosynthesis in Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) a comparison has been made with Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean ginseng), Pisum sativum L. (pea) and Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach). The quantum yield of oxygen evolution in intact

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