History of the acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation industry in China: development of continuous production technology.

The acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation industry in China was started in the early 1950s in Shanghai and expanded rapidly thereafter. At its peak, there were about 30 plants all over the country and the total annual production of solvents reached 170,000 tons. This large enterprise was compelled to complete shutdown at the end of the 20th century due to the rapid increase of petrochemicals. The success of the ABE industry in China had special features like the development of a continuous fermentation technology. Its main strategic considerations were as follows: maintaining maximal growth and acid production phase, adoption of multiple stages in the solvent phase to allow gradual adaptation to increasing solvent, and the incorporation of stillage to offer enough nutrients to delay cell degeneration. Due to the tremendous national demand for solvents, China has begun a new round of ABE fermentation research. It is expected that a new era in the ABE industry is on the horizon.