RNAi-mediated silencing of the Arabidopsis thaliana ULCS1 gene, encoding a WDR protein, results in cell wall modification impairment and plant infertility.

Ubiquitin mediated protein degradation constitutes one of the most complex post translational gene regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes. This fine-tuned proteolytic machinery is based on a vast number of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that mark target proteins with ubiquitin. The specificity is accomplished by a number of adaptor proteins that contain functional binding domains, including the WD40 repeat motif (WDRs). To date, only few of these proteins have been identified in plants. An RNAi mediated silencing approach was used here to functionally characterize the Arabidopsis thaliana ULCS1 gene, which encodes for a small molecular weight WDR protein. AtULCS1 interacts with the E3Cullin Ring Ligase subunit DDB1a, regulating most likely the degradation of specific proteins involved in the manifestation of diverse developmental events. Silencing of AtULCS1 results in sterile plants with pleiotropic phenotypes. Detailed analysis revealed that infertility is the outcome of anther indehiscence, which in turn is due to the impairment of the plants to accomplish secondary wall modifications. Furthermore, IREGULAR XYLEM gene expression and lignification is diminished in anther endothecium and the stem vascular tissue of the silenced plants. These data underline the importance of AtULCS1 in plant development and reproduction.