Physicochemical characterization of polysaccharide from the leaf of Dendrobium officinale and effect on LPS induced damage in GES-1 cell.

The polysaccharide was first successfully isolated from the leaf of Dendrobium officinale by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation and further purified using DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The structure of LDOP-1 was characterized by HPLC, GPC, and FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, and its protective effect on LPS-induced GES-1 cell injury was analyzed. Results showed that LDOP was a homogeneous polysaccharide with average molecular weight of 91.8 kDa and consisted of Man, Gla, Glc, Glc acid, and Ara at a molar ratio of 2.0:1.3:1.6:1.7:0.7. LDOP had two types of residues, including 1,6-linked α-d-Glup and 1,4-linked α-d-Manp. Activity studies indicated that LDOP-1 can significantly suppress the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 from LPS-induced GES-1 cell injury, decreased the protein expressions of TLR4, phospho-NF-κB, ASC, NLRP3, cleaved-IL-1β, IL-6, and Bax, increased the protein expression of Bcl-2, and downregulated the ratios of cleaved caspase-1 to pro-caspase-1, phospho-IκBα to IκBα, and phospho-NF-кB to NF-κB. These findings strongly suggested that LDOP can prevent LPS-induced GES-1 cell injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines regulated via the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathways.