water/szkopolamin

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Scopolamine reverses haloperidol-attenuated lever-pressing for water but not haloperidol-attenuated water intake in the rat.

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The operant lever-pressing response has previously (Ljungberg, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 27: 341-350, 1987) been found to be inhibited by lower doses of haloperidol than the corresponding consummatory act, i.e., water intake. In the present study it was found that the attenuation of the lever-pressing

Effects of the dopamine D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 on water intake, water-rewarded operant responding and apomorphine-induced decrease of water intake in rats.

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The specific dopamine (DA) D-1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 was found to attenuate operant lever-pressing with water as reward in a dose-dependent manner and more potently than drinking itself. This effect occurred in the same fashion as previously reported for DA D-2 antagonists. In contrast to

Ascorbic acid attenuates scopolamine-induced spatial learning deficits in the water maze.

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Vitamin C (ascorbate) has important antioxidant functions that can help protect against oxidative stress in the brain and damage associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. When administered parenterally ascorbate can bypass saturable uptake mechanisms in the gut and

Benzodiazepine receptor stimulation blocks scopolamine-induced learning impairments in a water maze task.

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Central cholinergic (ACh) blockade produces profound cognitive impairments in human and animal subjects. Our previous research demonstrated that ACh blockade exacerbates stress-induced adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) secretion, and increases anxiety-like behavior (ALB) in rats.

The cholinesterase inhibitor, phenserine, improves Morris water maze performance of scopolamine-treated rats.

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Male Fischer-344 rats (n = 38) at 5 months old were tested in a Morris water maze to determine if treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor, phenserine (PHEN), would overcome a learning impairment induced by scopolamine (SCOP), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. Each rat was randomly

Effects of scopolamine, physostigmine and chlordiazepoxide on punished and extinguished water consumption in rats.

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It has been postulated that behavioral inhibition due to punishment or extinction may be mediated by brain acetylcholine, and drugs which have disinhibitory action are thought to interact with this system. This notion was tested by comparing the effects of scopolamine, physostigmine and

Scopolamine- and morphine-induced deficits in water maze alternation: failure to attenuate with glucose.

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Glucose has previously been shown to improve performance on memory tasks and to ameliorate performance deficits induced by scopolamine or morphine. To test the generality of these observations, Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to alternate choices to reach an escape platform in a two-choice circular

Water-soluble derivative of propolis mitigates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.

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The water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) was prepared from fresh Chinese propolis. Its major constituents were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. It has been reported that propolis possessed a broad spectrum of biological activities but including few studies

Differential effects of cholinergic blockade on performance of rats in the water tank navigation task and in a radial water maze.

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The disruptive effect of cholinergic blockade was tested under conditions in which either the working memory or the spatial mapping requirements of the behavioral task were emphasized. In Experiment 1, 13 rats were trained in an eight-arm radial water maze to asymptotic performance. When delays of

Agmatine protects against scopolamine-induced water maze performance impairment and hippocampal ERK and Akt inactivation.

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Cholinergic brain activity plays a significant role in memory. Scopolamine a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist is known to induce impairment in Morris water maze performance, the task which is mainly dependent on the hippocampus. It is suggested that hippocampal ERK and Akt activation play roles in

Glucose minimally attenuates scopolamine-but not morphine-induced deficits on a water maze alternation task.

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In a previous study, daily injections of glucose, 100 and 250 mg/kg i.p., in Sprague-Dawley rats failed to either facilitate acquisition or to ameliorate scopolamine- or morphine-induced deficits on a water maze alternation task (Means, et al., 1996). The present study demonstrates that daily

Improvement of scopolamine-induced memory impairment by Z-ajoene in the water maze in mice.

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Z-ajoene, a major compound containing sulfur in oil-macerated garlic products, exhibited inhibitory effects against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze test. The effects of Z-ajoene were observed dose-dependently (0.25-25 mg/kg). At the highest dosage, the

Effects of MDL 73005 on water-maze performances and locomotor activity in scopolamine-treated rats.

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The stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe or their blockade in the hippocampus can reduce cognitive deficits induced by blockade of muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus. We investigated the effects of MDL 73005 (8-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethylamino) ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4,5]

Effects of intraventricular administration of carbachol, atropine, and scopolamine on water intake of the rat.

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Water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides protect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment by functioning as an antineuroinflammatory agent.

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BACKGROUND Panax ginseng root is used in traditional oriental medicine for human health. Its main active components such as saponins and polysaccharides have been widely evaluated for treating diseases, but secondary active components such as oligosaccharides have been rarely studied. This study

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