Oral erythromycin for treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants: a preliminary report.

Feeding intolerance is a common problem in preterm infants resulting in a prolonged hyperalimentation which is associated with an increased risk of serious and sometimes even life threatening complications, including cholestasis jaundice, liver impairment, nutritional deficiency, biochemical rickets and catheter-related septicaemia. Erythromycin, a commonly used macrolide antibiotic, has been reported as having potent prokinetic properties and enhancing gastrointestinal motor activity. The authors, therefore, conducted a preliminary study of oral erythromycin for the treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this drug.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral erythromycin as a prokinetic agent in promoting enteral feeding in preterm infants with feeding intolerance.

METHODS

Preterm infants, gestational age (GA) < or = 36 wk, who met the feeding intolerance criteria, were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria included infants who received enteral feeding less than half of full feeding or less than 75 ml/kg/day by day 14 post-natal age or gastric residual > or = 50 per cent of a given amount of feeding, more than 2 consecutive feeds by day 7 post-natal age. All patients received oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate 12 mg/kg every six hours for 2 days, then 3 mg/kg every six hours for 5 days. The times taken to establish full enteral feeding after the drug treatment and time to stop hyperalimentation were recorded. Potential adverse effects of erythromycin were assessed. Response to treatment was defined as decreased gastric residual < 30 per cent of a similar amount of the previous feed and was able to continue to full feeding.

RESULTS

Ten preterm infants were enrolled in this study with a mean GA of 30.8 weeks (26-35), mean birth weight of 1,489 g (range 900-2,560 g) and mean age at entry of 9.2 days (range 7-12 days). Nine of 10 infants responded to treatment within 24 hours. The average time to establish full enteral feeding after the drug treatment was 6.6 days (range 4-10 days). None of the infants developed adverse effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, or pyloric stenosis.

CONCLUSIONS

The preliminary data indicates that oral erythromycin is effective and safe in facilitating enteral feeding in preterm infants with feeding intolerance. Infants can achieve full feeding within a week after treatment, and this may shorten the course of hyperalimentaiton. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted.