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alpha glucan/radang
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Inflammatory immune responses by water-insoluble alpha-glucans.
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Water-insoluble alpha-glucans are synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferase-I of mutans streptococci and play an important role in the development of dental plaque. Several types of beta-glucans in fungal cell wall components and water-soluble alpha-glucans from Streptococcus mutans are known
Inhibition of LPS-induced NFkappaB activation by a glucan ligand involves down-regulation of IKKbeta kinase activity and altered phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha.
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Growing evidence supports the role of transcription factor activation in the pathophysiology of inflammatory disorders, sepsis, ARDS, SIRS, and shock. Kinase mediated phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha is a crucial step in the NFkappaB activation pathway. We investigated IKBalpha phosphorylation in
Isomaltodextrin, a highly branched α-glucan, increases rat colonic H₂ production as well as indigestible dextrin.
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Colonic hydrogen (H2) protects against inflammation-induced oxidative stress. We examined the effect of a new highly branched α-glucan, isomaltodextrin (IMD), on colonic H2 production in rats. Rats were fed a 16.7% IMD, 8.8% indigestible dextrin (ID), or 10.4% high amylose cornstarch diet (Expt. 1),
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in a rodent model of a (1-->3),(1-->6)-linked beta-glucan isolated from Pleurotus pulmonarius.
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A glucan was extracted with hot water from the basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius and shown to have a (1-->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl main-chain substituted at O-6 of every third unit by single beta-D-glucopyranosyl non-reducing end units. This was shown by mono- and bidimensional nuclear
An anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory polysaccharide from Orbignya phalerata.
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A polysaccharide, a glucan with mean M(r) of 1.0 x 10(6) (MP1), was isolated from the mesocarp of fruits of Orbignya phalerata. Chemical and spectroscopic studies indicated that MP1 has a highly branched glucan type structure composed of alpha-(1-->4) linked D-glucopyranose residues with (3-->4),
Physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory activities of antrodan, a novel glycoprotein isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia.
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Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a unique fungus found inhabiting the rotten wood of Cinnamomum kanehirai. A submerged liquid culture of AC has been developed and its bioproducts have been used to meet the market demand for natural fruiting bodies. AC exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant,
Antitumor activity of orally administered maitake α-glucan by stimulating antitumor immune response in murine tumor.
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Maitake α-glucan, YM-2A, isolated from Grifola frondosa, has been characterized as a highly α-1,6-branched α-1,4 glucan. YM-2A has been shown to possess an anti-virus effect in mice; however, it does not directly inhibit growth of the virus in vitro, indicating that the anti-virus effect of YM-2A
The novel α-glucan YCP improves the survival rates and symptoms in septic mice by regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
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Sepsis is a life-threatening health condition that is initially characterized by uncontrolled inflammation, followed by the development of persistent immunosuppression. YCP is a novel α-glucan purified from the mycelium of the marine fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108, which has displayed strong antitumor
Different local therapeutic effects of various polysaccharides on MH134 hepatoma in mice and its relation to inflammation induced by the polysaccharides.
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The local antitumor activities and inflammation-inducing activities of various antitumor polysaccharides were examined and the relation between the two types of activity was studied. The tested antitumor polysaccharides included MG (a mannoglucan prepared from the culture fluid of Microellobosporia
An alpha-glucan of Pseudallescheria boydii is involved in fungal phagocytosis and Toll-like receptor activation.
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The host response to fungi is in part dependent on activation of evolutionarily conserved receptors, including toll-like receptors and phagocytic receptors. However, the molecular nature of fungal ligands responsible for this activation is largely unknown. Herein, we describe the isolation and
New Role of P. brasiliensis α-Glucan: Differentiation of Non-conventional Dendritic Cells.
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The cell wall has a critical role in the host immune response to fungal pathogens. In this study, we investigated the influence of two cell wall fractions of the dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) in the in vitro generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs).
Intervention of Isomaltodextrin Mitigates Intestinal Inflammation in a Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Mouse Model of Colitis via Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor-4.
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Isomaltodextrin (IMD), a highly branched α-glucan, is a type of resistant starch. Earlier studies have indicated that polysaccharides could prevent inflammation and can be effective in reducing the complications of chronic gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Chromatographic separation and detection methods of Aloe arborescens Miller constituents: A systematic review.
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Aloe arborescens Miller (Family Asphodelaceae) is a member of genus Aloe, which is used in traditional medicine to cure various diseases. The extracts of the plant have been reported to possess anticancer, immunomodulator, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical
The generation and cellular distribution of leukotriene C4 in human eosinophils stimulated by unopsonized zymosan and glucan particles.
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Human eosinophils (EOSs) stimulated under optimal conditions with 5 X 10(8) unopsonized zymosan particles at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes produced an average total immunoreactive leukotriene (LT) C4 of 1.6 ng per 10(6) EOSs, and 30% to 60% of the generated product remained cell associated. The
Macrophage stimulation with some structurally related polysaccharides.
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The macrophage-stimulating properties of some structurally related polysaccharides were studied in vitro. When the polysaccharides were presented to the macrophages in a sterically fixed form, i.e. as microparticles, they induced the release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) from the macrophages.
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