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A mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway modulates the expression of two cellulase genes in Cochliobolus heterostrophus during plant infection.
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Conserved eukaryotic signaling elements play an important role in the development of fungal pathogens on their hosts. Chk1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), functions in virulence, mating, and sporulation of the maize leaf pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Suppression subtractive
[Not Available].
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Using the long term rumen simulation technique RUSITEC a possible relationship between Mucor racemosus and Ulocladium chartarum and cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) in cattle was investigated. In phase one only M. racemosus or U. chartarum and in phase two M. racemosus or U. chartarum in combination
[Discovery of phytopathogenic bacteria 100 years ago: transatlantic controversies and polemics].
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The demonstration of a bacterial cause of some plant diseases has been claimed few years after it was commonly recognized that bacteria were able to cause diseases of human and animal. Nevertheless, some sharp controversies took place, between German and American specialists (1897-1901), before the
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Pomegranate Fruit Rot Pathogen, Chaetomella raphigera, and its Virulence Factors.
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A new fungal pathogen was isolated from rotten pomegranates collected from the orchards of different parts of Maharashtra. The pathogen was morphologically identified as Chaetomella raphigera followed by sequencing of ITS and D1/D2 hypervariable region of LSU (28S) of rRNA gene. The pathogen
Improved purity and immunostimulatory activity of β-(1→3)(1→6)-glucan from Pleurotus sajor-caju using cell wall-degrading enzymes.
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The objective of this work was to improve the purity of β-(1→3)(1→6)-glucan in the native triple helical structure from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju for effective biological function using cell wall-degrading enzymes. A crude carbohydrate was extracted with hot water, then treated
Exogenous carbohydrases added to a starter diet reduced markers of systemic immune activation and decreased Lactobacillus in weaned pigs1.
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Although the impact of carbohydrases on performance and nutrient utilization has been well studied, their effects on immune status and intestinal microbiota are less known in pigs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of xylanase (X) and a carbohydrase enzyme blend (EB; cellulase, ß-glucanase,
The RsmA- mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain Ecc71 overexpress hrpNEcc and elicit a hypersensitive reaction-like response in tobacco leaves.
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Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora wild-type strain Ecc71 does not elicit the hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tobacco leaves. By mini-Tn5-Km and chemical mutagenesis we have isolated RsmA- mutants of Ecc71 that produce high basal levels of pectate lyases, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and
Influence of eco-friendly phytotoxic metabolites from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 on physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes on tested weeds.
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In this study, the active metabolites from both the wild strain of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 and three genetically enhanced strains of C1136 were obtained through random mutagenesis. The effect of the active metabolites from these strains was evaluated in relation to physiological,
Synergetic effect of rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa C1501 and phytotoxic metabolite from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae C1136 on Amaranthus hybridus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli weeds.
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Rhamnolipid (Rh) is a biosurfactant produced by the bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This present study investigates rhizospheric strain C1501 of P. aeruginosa with an accession number KF976394 with the best production of rhamnolipid: a biosurfactant. The partially purified rhamnolipid from strain
Identification of regulators of hrp/hop genes of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and characterization of HrpL(Ecc) (SigmaL(EccM)), an alternative sigma factor.
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Summary Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) possesses hrpN(Ecc)[hrp = gene for hypersensitive reaction (HR) and pathogenicity], the structural gene for Harpin(Ecc), the inducer of the HR-like response and genes for the type III secretion system. In Ecc, RsmA, an RNA-binding protein responsible
Purification and partial characterization of an acidic α-glucan-protein complex from the fruiting body of Pleurotus sajor-caju and its effect on macrophage activation.
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The aim of this study was to purify an acidic α-glucan-protein complex from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju by using the cell wall-degrading enzymes, xylanase and cellulase. The acidic glucan-protein complex was separated from a polysaccharide extract by using DEAE Toyopearl 650M
Isolation and characterization of a novel banana rhizosphere bacterium as fungal antagonist and microbial adjuvant in micropropagation of banana.
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OBJECTIVE
Isolation and characterization of a bacterial isolate (strain FP10) from banana rhizosphere with innate potential as fungal antagonist and microbial adjuvant in micropropagation of banana.
RESULTS
Bacterium FP10 was isolated from the banana rhizosphere and identified as Pseudomonas
Role of mannose receptor in oligochitosan-mediated stimulation of macrophage function.
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In this paper, we aimed to study the role of mannose receptor (MR) in oligochitosan induced RAW264.7 (a murine macrophage cell line) activation. Oligochitosan, which has 3-10 saccharide (N-acetyl-glucosamine or glucosamine) residues, was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using cellulase.
Cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced in vitro and in vivo by Rhizoctonia solani, the causative fungus of peanut sheath blight.
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Rhizoctonia solani causes the disease peanut sheath blight, involving symptoms of maceration and necrosis of infected tissue, mainly caused by cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs). This study investigated the production of CWDEs including polygalacturonase (PG), polymethyl-galacturonase (PMG),
Modified Aloe barbadensis polysaccharide with immunoregulatory activity.
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Aloe barbadensis polysaccharide was partially digested with cellulase and further purified by dialysis, stepwise ethanol precipitation, and size exclusion chromatography. Crude modified Aloe polysaccharide (MAP) activated macrophage cells and stimulated fibroblast growth. Under the same conditions,
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