common cold/nikotin

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Sufficiently important difference for common cold: severity reduction.

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OBJECTIVE We undertook a study to estimate the sufficiently important difference (SID) for the common cold. The SID is the smallest benefit that an intervention would require to justify costs and risks. METHODS Benefit-harm tradeoff interviews (in-person and telephone) assessed SID in terms of

Parental smoking behaviour and effects of tobacco smoke on children's health in Finland and Russia.

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BACKGROUND There is little information on potential differences in smoking behaviour of parents between Finland and Russia and on the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on allergic and respiratory diseases among Finnish and Russian children. The aim of the study was to compare the

Soluble CD14 at 2 yr of age: gender-related effects of tobacco smoke exposure, recurrent infections and atopic diseases.

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The endotoxin receptor soluble CD14 (sCD14) has been implicated in the 'hygiene hypothesis' suggesting reduced allergic sensitization with bacterial stimulation. However, the relationship between early life sCD14 and allergic diseases is conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether possible risk

Relative bioavailability of nicotine from a nasal spray in infectious rhinitis and after use of a topical decongestant.

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The relative bioavailability of nicotine from a nasal spray was assessed in 15 smokers suffering a common cold and rhinitis according to generally accepted criteria. The patients were given a single dose of 2 mg nicotine from the nasal spray with and without concurrent administration of a nasal

In vitro freezing in microtitre plates applied to tobacco plants transformed with the inaZ gene of Pseudomonas syringae.

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High throughput assays have been developed to measure the ice nucleation activity of transgenic tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1 plants expressing the ice nucleation gene, inaZ, from Pseudomonas syringae at a young seedling stage, as well as in leaf tissue. Both assays are carried

Increase in common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation.

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OBJECTIVE To examine changes in reports of common cold symptoms and mouth ulcers following smoking cessation. It was hypothesised that reports of these symptoms would increase on stopping smoking. METHODS Smokers were assessed one week before stopping smoking (baseline), then after one, two, and six

Common cold decreases lung function in infants with recurrent wheezing.

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BACKGROUND Common acute viral respiratory infections (colds) are the most frequent cause of exacerbations in infants with recurrent wheezing (RW). However, there is no quantitative information about the effect of colds on the lung function of infants with RW. This study was undertaken to determine

Prenatal exposure to ambient temperature variation increases the risk of common cold in children.

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BACKGROUND Common cold is a frequent upper respiratory tract infection, but the role of ambient temperature in the infection is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of prenatal exposure to diurnal temperature variation (DTV), the difference between the daily maximal and minimal temperatures,

Risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions. Otitis media, catarrh, cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy.

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To ascertain risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions (PMEE), we interviewed the parents of two groups of children. The first consisted of 76 children with PMEE who were admitted to the hospital for tympanostomy-tube insertion. The second, a control group, consisted of 76 children admitted

Effects of parental smoking and indoor tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory outcomes in children.

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The extensive literature has reported adverse effects on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's health. We aim to analyze associations of ETS with dry night cough, croup, pneumonia, and frequent common cold and to disentangle the effects of prenatal, infancy and childhood exposure by

[On the evaluation of health factors in high-rise buildings. 2. Bioclimatological consequences resulting from comparative measurements of the air ionisation in a high-rise building located in a heavily contaminated suburban area and at certain altitudes (author's transl)].

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According to accepted scientific theories inhaled small ions deliver their charges in the pulmonary alveoli and this leads to local recharges. This process stimulates structures of the central nervous system and the activity of the endocrine is excited, resulting in an enhancement of the general

Some Considerations of Vertigo based on Experience.

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Our only direct intimation of the existence of space is the sensation of vertigo, when through our cortical centres we become conscious of the fact that we are surrounded by a "blank" space in which motion is apparent, i.e., the relative condition of our body to the things around us seems to be

A Study on Environmental Factors for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the association between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in Yantai District, China. A retrospective case-control study was carried out. A total of 236 NSCL/P children were selected from Department of Oral and

Evaluation of the association of polymorphisms in EYA1, environmental factors, and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in Western Han Chinese.

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BACKGROUND Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOCs) are complex disease involving genetic triggers, environmental factors, and their interplay. Recent studies demonstrated that EYA1, a member of eye absent gene family, might contribute to NSOCs. METHODS We investigated three single nucleotide

The association of maternal factors with epibulbar dermoid of newborn: a retrospective, matched case-control study.

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PurposeTo determine the association of maternal factors and exposure during pregnancy with the incidence in newborns of epibulbar dermoid (ED), a congenital ocular surface benign tumor.Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective, paired case-control study in which 121 children with ED (case group)

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