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Profound increase in epinephrine concentration in plasma and cardiovascular stimulation after mu-opioid receptor blockade in opioid-addicted patients during barbiturate-induced anesthesia for acute detoxification.
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BACKGROUND
Acute displacement of opioids from their receptors by administration of large doses of opioid antagonists during general anesthesia is a new approach for detoxification of patients addicted to opioids. The authors tested the hypothesis that mu-opioid receptor blockade by naloxone induces
Reduction of Gstm1 expression in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rat contributes to increased oxidative stress.
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Human essential hypertension is a classic example of a complex, multifactorial, polygenic disease with a substantial genetic influence in which the underlying genetic components remain unknown. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rat (SHRSP) is a well-characterized experimental model for
Oxidative stress gene polymorphisms may have an impact in the development of ischemic stroke.
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BACKGROUND
Antioxidants are responsible for detoxification of harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. Genetic factors may influence antioxidant activity as a result of polymorphisms on antioxidant enzymes. These polymorphisms can be risk in ischemic stroke (IS) risk. IS is a disorder with
Age-related differences in experimental stroke: possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage.
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Age is the single most important risk factor for cerebral stroke. Unfortunately, the effect of age on ischemic brain damage is less clear. In this study, we sought to examine the potential influence of aging on the histologic and functional outcomes after ischemia. Juvenile (4 weeks of age), young
Neurosteroids and their receptors in ischemic stroke: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
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Extensive progress has been made to understand the pathophysiology of stroke but it is still a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. There are few strategies for the treatment of this disease and the use of thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator is limited due to the narrow time
The impact of detoxifying and repair gene polymorphisms on oxidative stress in ischemic stroke.
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Stroke is a multifactorial disease caused by the combination of certain risk factors and genetic factors. There are possible risk factors having important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. The most important environmental factors are cigarette smoking and oxidative stress which have different
ALDH2 protects against stroke by clearing 4-HNE.
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes ethanol and toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Using an unbiased proteomic search, we identified ALDH2 deficiency in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) as compared with spontaneously
Age-related changes in brain support cells: Implications for stroke severity.
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Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability and the fourth leading cause of mortality in the US. Stroke disproportionately occurs among the elderly, where the disease is more likely to be fatal or lead to long-term supportive care. Animal models, where the ischemic insult can be
Platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation after ethanol abuse: is there a relationship to stroke?
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Formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a metabolite of the potent platelet-aggregating and vasoconstrictor agent thromboxane A2 (TXA2), during ADP-induced platelet aggregation was studied in 10 healthy men and in 10 male alcoholics during the 2-week period of detoxification. None of the alcoholics had
Small molecule activators of the heat shock response and neuroprotection from stroke.
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Various cellular defense pathways are mobilized in response to stress that serve to limit potential damage to organelles and biochemical pathways that would disrupt normal cellular function or trigger cell death. Strategies utilized by cells subjected to various forms of stress include the
Carbon monoxide as a guardian against hepatobiliary dysfunction.
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Carbon monoxide (CO) generated through the reaction of heme oxygenase (HO) has attracted great interest in regulation of hepatobiliary homeostasis. The gas generated by HO-2 in the hepatic parenchyma can modestly activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) expressed in hepatic stellate cells in a
Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases: Relevance to neurological disorders.
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Glutathione S-tranferases (GSTs) are phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, they play crucial role in detoxification of environmental pollutants, carcinogens, drugs, xenobiotics and oxidative stress products. Genetic differences in expression and activity of GSTs are due to the existence of polymorphic
[Characteristics of hypersensitivity syndrome to lamotrigine: review of one case reported in the Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance of Nantes].
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Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening idiosyncratic drug reaction. In the literature, about five cases have been reported concerning hypersensitivity syndrome with lamotrigine. Most cases concern aromatic anticonvulsants but we report a case induced
Glutathione and thioredoxin dependent systems in neurodegenerative disease: what can be learned from reverse genetics in mice.
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Oxidative stress is a major common hallmark of many neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke. Novel concepts in our understanding of oxidative stress indicate that a perturbed redox circuitry could be
[Study on the genetic polymorphisms of human glutathione-S-transferase A1 in Hakka population in South China].
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OBJECTIVE
Glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) is one of the major phase II detoxification enzymes in the cytosol, which genetic polymorphisms distribution is different in different ethnic, national and regional population. Up to now, GSTA1 genetic polymorphisms has been rarely reported in China.
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