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Over one million infants are born to HIV-1-infected women every year in Sub Saharan Africa. In Zimbabwe, annual births stand at 379,000 with approximately 48,000 infants being born every year to HIV-1-infected women on lifelong highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Concerns have been
Background
End-stage renal disease:
End-stage renal disease is the eighteenth cause of deaths worldwide. Despite fairly stable incidences, the prevalence of End-stage renal disease on renal replacement therapy has doubled from 1990 to 2010 and the toll is expected to rise further in the coming
The study aims to determine highly specific personified predictors of response to the therapy by different groups of hypoglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, to develop on their basis a mathematical model that allows to objectify the choice of therapy for each patient, and
Charcot's neuroarthropathy has been identified since 1883, yet we have much to learn about the pathophysiology and evidence based treatment options. Active CNO is characterised by repetitive trauma leading to inflammation in an insensate foot. This includes polypeptide receptor activator of nuclear
Study design: A single-center pilot open-label randomized control trial. Population: The study will comprise a total of 60 subjects of both sexes, with pubertal stage ≥ 3 according to the Tanner stage, obese according to the IOTF criteria (International Obesity Task Force), diet naïve or with
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in developed countries; its prevention is challenging. Advances in molecular imaging of the atherosclerotic plaque enhanced the study of its pathophysiology, including the positron emission tomography with computed tomography
Recruitment will be a prospective study in patients with body mass index (BMI) of 23.5-30 kg/m2, aged between 18 and 65 years old. Each patient will be preoperatively screened (including psychologist assessment) and evaluated by the study multidisciplinary team before recruitment. The study will
INTRODUCTION
Infertility is a serious problem estimated to affect 7-26% of all couples globally (1;2). Approximately 9% of all newborns were conceived by assisted reproductive techniques in 2013 in Denmark (Danish Fertility Society). Impaired semen quality is the causal or contributing factor in
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a well-studied autoimmune disease resulting in insulin deficiency due to selective β-cell loss. Environmental and genetics factors seem to have a complex interplay in genetically susceptible individuals leading to T1DM development.
Epigenetics is a new field of
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by deficiencies in blood cell production that can lead to anemia, which may necessitate regular transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs) as supportive therapy. While this treatment can be life-saving, since the body has no
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease with much impact on human's health and is related to osteoporosis. But the mechanism remains unclear. The foreign researches revealed thiazolidinedione (TZD) would increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture, especially elderly women. However, it is
1.0 Background
While atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia requiring therapy, it is also associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, and death. The number of Americans affected with AF is expected to surge to nearly 16
1.1. Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an metabolic disease with insulin deficiency and a dysfunctional release of counter regulatory hormone glucagon. In the pathogenesis of T1DM autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody
The primary defect in autoimmune Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) involves the infiltration of the pancreatic islet cells by T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells, and consequent loss of beta cells. At the onset of T1DM more than 70% of the beta cells are destroyed, whereas the residual