Anesthesia will be induced intravenously with midazolam (0.015-0.03 mg/kg), sufentanil, propofol and rocuronium.
Sevoflurane will be administered by inhalation for anesthesia maintenance. The concentration of inhaled sevoflurane will be adjusted to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) value between 40 and 60, with or without 50% nitrous oxide. Analgesia will be supplemented with remifentanil (administered by continuous infusion), sufentanil (administered by intermittent injection/continuous infusion), or fentanyl (administered by intermittent injection).
Towards the end of surgery, sevoflurane inhalational concentration will be decreased and fentanyl/sufentanil will be administered when necessary. Sevoflurane inhalation will be stopped at the end of surgery.

Anesthesia will be induced intravenously with midazolam (0.015-0.03 mg/kg), sufentanil, propofol and rocuronium.
Propofol will be administered by intravenous infusion for anesthesia maintenance. The infusion rate of propofol will be adjusted to maintain the BIS value between 40 and 60, with or without 50% nitrous oxide. Analgesia will be supplemented with remifentanil (administered by continuous infusion), sufentanil (administered by intermittent injection/continuous infusion), or fentanyl (administered by intermittent injection).
Towards the end of surgery, propofol infusion rate will be decreased and fentanyl/sufentanil will be administered when necessary. Propofol infusion will be stopped at the end of surgery.

Long-term Effects Secondary to Cancer Therapy in Adults

Sevoflurane will be administered by inhalation for anesthesia maintenance. The concentration of inhaled sevoflurane will be adjusted to maintain the BIS value between 40 and 60, with or without 50% nitrous oxide. Sevoflurane inhalational concentration will be decreased towards the end of surgery. Sevoflurane inhalation will be stopped at the end of surgery.

Sevoflurane

Propofol will be administered by intravenous infusion for anesthesia maintenance. The infusion rate of propofol will be adjusted to maintain the BIS value between 40 and 60, with or without 50% nitrous oxide. Propofol infusion rate will be decreased towards the end of surgery. Propofol infusion will be stopped at the end of surgery.

Propofol

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital

Beijing Shijitan Hospital

Peking University Cancer Hospital

University School and Hospital of Stomatology

Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University

Shenzhen Second People's Hospital

Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital

Hebei Medical University Forth Hospital

The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Zhongda Hospital

Ningxia People's Hospital

Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University

Tang-Du Hospital

Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital

Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital

Tianjin Nankai Hospital

Impact of Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Long-term Survival Rate

Impact of Inhalational Versus Intravenous Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Long-term Survival Rate in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: an Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial

Duration of survival within 3 years after surgery

Survival rates at different timepoints after surgery

Duration of recurrence-free survival within 3 years after surgery

Recurrence-free survival rates at different timepoints after surgery

Quality of life is assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)

Cognitive function is assessed with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-m)

Dong-Xin Wang

Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine

Peking University First Hospital

Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital

The People's Hospital of Ningxia

Peking University Hospital of Stomatology

Beijing Cancer Hospital

Patients randomized to the experimental arm were scheduled for three one-hour inductions by a single hypnotherapist, each one week apart. Standardized outlines were used for each induction. The second and third sessions also began with a standardized induction, followed by the establishment of an "anchor," or physical reference point (forefinger to thumb), used to invoke images of coolness, which were individualized according to patient preference.
Patients were also instructed by the same hypnotherapist in self-hypnosis and guided imagery techniques to be used at home with the assistance of standardized audio compact disks. Participation lasted eight weeks.

Patients randomized to the gabapentin arm were prescribed 900mg of the drug daily (300 mg by mouth three times daily).

Patients randomized to the hypnosis arm of the study will undergo individually three one-hour sessions with a certified hypnotherapist. These sessions will be one week apart. Patients will also be instructed on the use of self-hypnosis techniques to use at home.

Hypnotherapy

Patients randomized to the gabapentin arm will be prescribed 900mg of the drug daily (300 mg by mouth three times daily).

Gabapentin

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Patients kept daily diaries of their hot flashes. The absolute number of hot flashes in a 24 hour period is "number of daily hot flashes." The median number was calculated for each week of data. The median number of daily hot flashes for the first week (7 days) of participation is used as baseline. The median number of daily hot flashes for the fourth week (over 7 day interval) is reported for the week four time point. The median number of daily hot flashes for the eighth week (over 7 day interval) is reported for the week eight time point (study completion). Of the 13 women randomized to the hypnotherapy arm, 2 women were ineligible and therefore not included in analysis. Two women were unable to initiate treatment and did not submit diaries. An additional two women completed treatment but lost their diaries, leaving 7 diaries for analysis at baseline. Of the 14 randomized to receive gabapentin, 6 dropped out of the study and did not submit diaries.

Number of Daily Hot Flashes

Patients kept daily diaries of their hot flashes. The absolute number of hot flashes in a 24 hour period is "number of daily hot flashes." The median number was calculated for each week of data. The median number of daily hot flashes for the first week (7 days) of participation is used as baseline. The median number of daily hot flashes for the fourth week (over 7 day interval) is reported for the week four time point. The median number of daily hot flashes for the eighth week (over 7 day interval) is reported for the week eight time point (study completion). A total of 15 diaries were submitted (7 hypnotherapy, 8 gabapentin). One person in each arm stopped recording in her diary before the 4 week mark.

Patients kept daily diaries of their hot flashes. The absolute number of hot flashes in a 24 hour period is "number of daily hot flashes." The median number was calculated for each week of data. The median number of daily hot flashes for the first week (7 days) of participation is used as baseline. The median number of daily hot flashes for the fourth week (over 7 day interval) is reported for the week four time point. The median number of daily hot flashes for the eighth week (over 7 day interval) is reported for the week eight time point (study completion). One woman in the hypnotherapy arm and 3 women in the gabapentin arm stopped keeping their diary before the 8 week mark.

The patients kept daily hot flash diaries, including the total number of hot flashes they characterized as mild, moderate,severe and very severe. Hot flash severity scores were calculated by assigning one point to each mild hot flash, two points for each moderate hot flash, three points for each severe hot flash and four points for each very severe hot flash. The hot flash severity score for a 24 hour period was the sum of these scores. The score was calculated for each day in the diary. For each subject, median scores were calculated for each week (7 day period) of participation. The median hot flash severity score for the first week was considered the baseline. The median hot flash severity score for the fourth week is considered the week 4 time point. The median hot flash severity score for the eighth week is considered the week 8 time point. The median result for the group was then calculated at each of the timepoints.

Hot Flash Severity Score

The HFRDIS is a validated survey of 10 questions asking patients to rate ten symptoms on a scale of 0-10. The HFRDIS is a sum of the scores in each category, so that total score can range from 0 (no symptoms) to 100 (10 severe symptoms). These surveys were conducted at the time of enrollment (baseline), after four weeks of treatment, and at the conclusion of the study (8 weeks). All women who were randomized were included in the baseline analysis (with the exception of 2 women excluded from the hypnotherapy arm who were deemed ineligible after randomization).

Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Score (HFRDIS)

The HFRDIS is a validated survey of 10 questions asking patients to rate ten hot flash-related symptoms on a scale of 0-10. The HFRDIS is a sum of the scores in each category, so that total score can range from 0 (no symptoms) to 100 (10 severe symptoms). These surveys were conducted at the time of enrollment (baseline), after four weeks of treatment, and at the conclusion of the study (8 weeks). Of 11 eligible women in the hypnotherapy arm, 2 never initiated treatment, and 3 did not complete the survey at this time point. Of the 14 eligible women in the gabapentin arm, 3 never initiated treatment, and 3 dropped out of the study before the 4 week time point.

The HFRDIS is a validated survey of 10 questions asking patients to rate ten hot flash-related symptoms on a scale of 0-10. The HFRDIS is a sum of the scores in each category, so that total score can range from 0 (no symptoms) to 100 (10 severe symptoms). These surveys were conducted at the time of enrollment (baseline), after four weeks of treatment, and at the conclusion of the study (8 weeks). All nine women who initiated hypnotherapy treatment completed the survey at the end of 8 weeks. One woman in the gabapentin arm did not submit a survey at 8 weeks.

Overall Study

Shannon MacLaughlan, MD

Breast Cancer

Hot Flashes

Patients randomized to the hypnosis arm of the study will undergo individually three one-hour sessions with a certified hypnotherapist. These sessions will be one week apart. surveys. The therapist will be prohibited from asking subjects about clinical responses to the hypnosis sessions. The patients will also be instructed on self-hypnosis techniques to be used at home.

Patients randomized to the gabapentin arm will be prescribed 900mg of the drug daily (300 mg by mouth three times daily). This dose has been shown to be more effective than 300mg daily. Larger doses have not been evaluated in this population, and may be associated with a more significant side-effect profile. The prescription for gabapentin will be provided at the patient's enrollment appointment. The patients will take gabapentin as prescribed daily for the study-enrollment period, which is 8 weeks.

gaba/kanker payudara

Impact of Anesthesia Maintenance Methods on Long-term Survival Rate

Pilot Study Comparing Hypnotherapy and Gabapentin for Hot Flashes.

Gabapentin Versus Estrogen for the Treatment of Hot Flashes

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